respiratory stuff

Question 1

adequate breathing

Answer 1

• 12-20 breaths per min for adult
• 15-30 breaths per min for child
• 25-50 breaths per min for infant

Question 2

artificial ventilation rates

Answer 2

• 20 bpm kids

- 12 bpm adults

Question 3

CPAP

Answer 3

• mask that stays on , uncomfortable, need to breathe on their own, sometimes for sleep apnea, can made fluid shift into alveoli
• contraindications: mental status, lack of normal resp rate, inability to sit up, hypotension/shock, nausea/vomiting, penetrating chest trauma, upper gi bleeding
• side effects: hypotension, pneumothorax (air in hold in throat), increased risk of aspiration, drying of corneas

Question 4

auscultating

Answer 4

• wheezes: high pitched air moving through narrowed air passages
• crackling: caused by fluid in bronchi
• rhonchi: lower pitched resembling rattling caused by secretions on larger airways
• stridor: partial obstruction

Question 5

COPD

Answer 5

• broad classification of chronic lung diseases
• emphysema, chronic bronchitis, black lung
• overwhelming majority due to cigarettes

Question 6

chronic bronchitis

Answer 6

bronchiole lining inflames excess mucus

Question 7

emphysema

Answer 7

alveoli, walls break down, lungs lose elasticity, CO2 trapped in lungs, surface area for respiratory exchange is greatly reduced (smokers!)

Question 8

asthma

Answer 8

• during attack small bronchioles narrow (bronchoconstriction) mucus is overproduced
• airflow restricted on inhalation and exhalation (ask which hurts more)

Question 9

pulmonary edema

Answer 9

• fluid accumulation in alveoli
• congestive heart failure
• pressure builds up in capillaries then fluid seeps into alveoli
• crackles or wheezes
• may cough up foamy/frothy spotum (white or pink-airway imitation)
• higher concentration O2

Question 10

pneumonia

Answer 10

• coughing, shortness of breath
• fever (big indication)
• chest pain (sharo and pleuritic)

Question 11

spontaneous pneumothorax

Answer 11

• lung collapses without injury or other obvious cause
• tall thin people and smokers at higher risk
• if youve had one, chance of reoccurence is high
• chest pain
• absent lung sounds
• administer O2, position of comfort, bring to er

Question 12

pulmonary embolism

Answer 12

• blockage in blood supply to lungs (clot or air pocket)
• caused by deep vein thrombosis (dvt)
• sometimes very quick sharp chest pain
• difficult to differentiate in field, O2 and transport

Question 13

epiglottitis

Answer 13

• infection causing swelling around and above epiglottis
• can cause airway obstruction
• sore throat, drooling, difficult swallowing
• stridor
• life threatening get to er immediatelyb

Question 14

cystic fibrosis

Answer 14

• over production of mucus
• pain and abdominal distention
• utilize caregiver
• high mortality