written exam

Question 1

ischemia vs infarction

Answer 1

ischemia-temporary and reversible effects on tissue due to hypoxia
infarction- permanent death of tissues

Question 2

angina vs ami

Answer 2

angina-chest pain/discomfort occurs with activity bc poor blood flowreduced by nitro or rest
ami-complete blockage of blood supply to heart damages heart muscle

Question 3

pulmonary edema signs

Answer 3

severe SOB esp when laying down
tachycardia
tachypnea
cool pale diaphoretic skin
treatment: sit up straight legs off side of bed, O2, als, rapid transport

Question 4

safe residual pressure of O2 tank

Answer 4

200 psi

Question 5

cpr on a live person?

Answer 5

newborn resuscitation

infant/child with heart rate <60

Question 6

hypoglycemia

Answer 6

low blood sugar
AMS
agitation
seizures
tremors
stroke-like symptoms

Question 7

type 1 vs type 2 diabetes

Answer 7

1: insulin dependent, juvenile onset
2: non-insulin dependent, adult onset

Question 8

heat exhaustion vs heat stroke

Answer 8

wet vs dry skin,
exhaustion- remove from heat, treat for shock, als, rapid transport
for shock- active cooling with ac

Question 9

what lawgives emt right to act

Answer 9

article 30 of public health law

Question 10

sympathetic vs parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 10

symp: generally speeds up critical body functions like heart rate blood pressure resp rate (fight or flight)
para: generally slows down critical body functions, promotes digestion (feed or breed)

Question 11

eclampsia/pre-eclampsia

Answer 11

pre-eclampsia is high bp large amounts of protein in urine or other organ dysfunction
eclampsia is seizures im someone w pe

Question 12

newborn delivered and not breathing steps in order

Answer 12

stimulate
suction
opa and bvm
compressions

Question 13

airway sounds

Answer 13

stridor or snoring-upper airway obstruction
wheezing-asthma or copd (bronchi constrictes
crackles or rales- fluid in alveoli, congestive heart failure or pulmonary edema
ronchi or gurgling- infection: bronchitis or pneumonia, secretion or fluid in the upper airway

Question 14

pediatric resp rate and heart rate

Answer 14

at birth heart rate is 150-160 and progressively lowers with age
at birth resp rate is 50-16(0?) and lowers progressively with age

Question 15

glasgow coma scale

Answer 15

min: 3 max: 15

high is good, 8 and less is comatose, no response is 3

Question 16

systolic vs diastolic

Answer 16

sys: force against arterial walls when heart contracts
dia: force when heart at rest

Question 17

cardiac condition but they wheezing?

Answer 17

call medical control before giving albuterol

Question 18

emphysema and chronic bronchitis

Answer 18

e: damaged alveoli and loss of elasticity
b: damaged cilia in airways causing repeating infection

Question 19

compensated vs decompensated shock

Answer 19

ams and normal vs dropping bp

Question 20

kinds of shock

Answer 20

hypovolemic: bc of blood or fluid loss
cardiogenic: bc of hearts inadequate pumping, usually bc of chf or heart attack
neurogenic: bc of nerve paralysis that results in dilation of blood vessels that increase volume of circulatory system beyond point where it can be filled, warm dry skin!!!!
septic: bc of infection that spreads
psychogenic: bc of emotional factors, sudden dilation of blood vessels results in fainting

Question 21

tension pneumothorax

Answer 21

bc of trauma usually
shock
ams
severe shortness of breath
jvd
treat w o2 and trasport

Question 22

cushings

Answer 22

sign of herniation of the brainstem through foramen magnum
slow pulse
increasing systolic
decreasing diastolic
irregular breathing

Question 23

pericardial tamponade

Answer 23

bleeding in pericardial space
dropping systolic
elevating diastolic
muffled heart sounds