Respiratory System

Question 1

Function of Respiratory System:

Answer 1

• The respiratory system’s main job is to move fresh air into your body while removing waste gases.
• Functionally the respiratory system can be divided into conducting zone and respiratory zone
• Conducting zone of the respiratory system includes the organs and structures not directly involved in gas exchange
• The gas exchange occurs in the respiratory zone

Question 2

Two zones of the respiratory systems:

Answer 2

• Conducting Zone
• Respiratory Zone

Question 3

What zone does gas exchange occur in?

Answer 3

Respiratory Zone

Question 4

What are the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 4

The paranasal sinuses are hollow spaces filled with air, located around the nose inside the skull.
- Frontal sinus
- Maxillary sinus
- Sphenoidal sinus
- Ethmoidal sinus

Question 5

What are the functions of the sinuses?

Answer 5

• filter air
• add moisture to air
• removal of unwanted particles
• lighten the skull.

Question 6

The conchae, meatuses, and paranasal sinuses are lined by what type of tissue?

Answer 6

Respiratory epithelium composed of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 7

What is the purpose of the cilia of the respiratory epithelium?

Answer 7

Move microbes and debris up and out of the airways.

Question 8

What is function of the Pharynx?

Answer 8

It carries air, food and fluid down from the nose and mouth.

Question 9

What are the 3 major regions of the pharynx?

Answer 9

• Nasopharynx
• Oropharynx
• Laryngopharynx

Question 10

Where is Pleurae located and whats its function?

Answer 10

• Membrane lining the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura) and covering the lungs (visceral pleura).
• protect and cushion the lungs.

Question 11

What is the pleural cavity?

Answer 11

The space between the visceral and parietal layers.

Question 12

Pleural cavity and pleurae function?

Answer 12

The pleural cavity, with its associated pleurae, aids optimal functioning of the lungs during breathing.

The function of the pleura is to allow optimal expansion and contraction of the lungs during breathing.

The pleural fluid acts as a lubricant, allowing the parietal and visceral pleura to glide over each other friction free.

Question 13

What is pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 13

Breathing (Inspiration and expiration)

Question 14

What is inspiration?

Answer 14

The volume of the lungs increases and the pressure inside the lungs decreases. (Taking air into the lungs)

Question 15

What is expiration?

Answer 15

The lungs return to their original size and pressure in the lungs rises which moves air out. (letting air out of the lungs)

Question 16

Mechanisms of breathing:

Answer 16

• alveolar and intrapleural pressures are dependent on certain physical features of the lung
• ability to breathe—to have air enter the lungs during inspiration and air leave the lungs during expiration—is dependent on the air pressure of the atmosphere and the air pressure within the lungs

Question 17

Interpleural pressure

Answer 17

Pressure of the air within the pleural cavity, between the visceral and parietal pleurae.

Question 18

Transpulmonary pressure

Answer 18

The difference between the intrapleural and intra-alveolar pressures, and it determines the size of the lungs. A higher transpulmonary pressure corresponds to a larger lung.

Question 19

What is the Function of the Pulmonary arteries and veins?

Answer 19

Your pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from your heart to your lungs. Your pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from your lungs to your heart.

Question 20

What is external respiration?

Answer 20

• Gas exchange in the lungs
• Involves both bringing air into the lungs (inhalation) and releasing air to the atmosphere (exhalation).

Question 21

What is internal respiration?

Answer 21

• Gas exchange in the body’s tissues
• It generally refers to the exchange of gases mainly oxygen and carbon dioxide, which occurs between the blood and cells

Question 22

Gas exchange across the respiratory membrane of the lungs:

Answer 22

At the respiratory membrane, where the alveolar and capillary walls meet, gases move across the membranes, with oxygen entering the bloodstream and carbon dioxide exiting.

Question 23

Gas exchange in the tissues:

Answer 23

• Gas exchange that occurs at the level of body tissues
• Occurs as simple diffusion due to a partial pressure gradient.
• Cellular respiration continuously produces carbon dioxide, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is lower in the blood than it is in the tissue, causing carbon dioxide to diffuse out of the tissue

Question 24

Oxygen transport

Answer 24

• Bound to hemoglobin (oxyhemoglobin)
• Dissolved in blood plasma

Question 25

Carbon dioxide transport

Answer 25

- Dissolved in blood plasma - Bound to hemoglobin (carbaminohemoglobin) - Transported as bicarbonate (Most common)

Question 26

What is the Nasopharynx

Answer 26

- The upper part of the throat behind the nose. - The main function of your nasopharynx is to connect your nasal passages to the rest of your respiratory system. - The nasopharynx is lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells.

Question 27

What is the Oropharynx

Answer 27

- stratified squamous epithelium - two distinct sets of tonsils, the palatine and lingual tonsils

Question 28

What is Laryngopharynx

Answer 28

- laryngopharynx is inferior to the oropharynx and posterior to the larynx - continues the route for ingested material and air until its inferior end, where the digestive and respiratory systems diverge - stratified squamous epithelium of the oropharynx is continuous with the laryngopharynx

Question 29

What type of tissue is found in the lungs and what is its function?

Answer 29

Non-Keratinized Pseudostratified columnar epithelium and secretes mucus.

Question 30

What types of tissue is found in the Esophagus and what is its function?

Answer 30

- Non-Keratinized Stratified squamous epithelium and protects against abrasions.

Question 31

What types of tissue is found in the Larynx and what is its function?

Answer 31

- Non-Keratinized Stratified squamous epithelium and protects against abrasions. -Non-Keratinized Pseudostratified columnar epithelium and secretes mucus.

Question 32

What type of tissue is found in the Epiglottis and what is its function?

Answer 32

Non-Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium and protects against abrasions.

Question 33

Asphyxia

Answer 33

Deficiency of oxygen in the blood and increase in carbon dioxide in blood leading to absence of breathing.

Question 34

Asthma

Answer 34

Spasm and narrowing of bronchi, leading to bronchial airway obstruction

Question 35

Atelectasis

Answer 35

Collapsed lung

Question 36

Emphysema

Answer 36

Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

Question 37

Hemoptysis

Answer 37

Spitting up blood

Question 38

Hemothorax

Answer 38

Blood from respiratory tract in the pleural cavity

Question 39

Pneumoconiosis

Answer 39

Abnormal condition of dust in the lungs

Question 40

Pneuminia

Answer 40

Abnormal condition of the lungs marked by inflammation and collection of infected material in air sacs

Question 41

Tuberculosis

Answer 41

Infectious and inflammatory disease caused by bacteria