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Anatomy > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Function of Respiratory System:

A
  • The respiratory system’s main job is to move fresh air into your body while removing waste gases.
  • Functionally the respiratory system can be divided into conducting zone and respiratory zone
  • Conducting zone of the respiratory system includes the organs and structures not directly involved in gas exchange
  • The gas exchange occurs in the respiratory zone
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2
Q

Two zones of the respiratory systems:

A
  • Conducting Zone
  • Respiratory Zone
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3
Q

What zone does gas exchange occur in?

A

Respiratory Zone

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4
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses?

A

The paranasal sinuses are hollow spaces filled with air, located around the nose inside the skull.
- Frontal sinus
- Maxillary sinus
- Sphenoidal sinus
- Ethmoidal sinus

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5
Q

What are the functions of the sinuses?

A
  • filter air
  • add moisture to air
  • removal of unwanted particles
  • lighten the skull.
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6
Q

The conchae, meatuses, and paranasal sinuses are lined by what type of tissue?

A

Respiratory epithelium composed of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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7
Q

What is the purpose of the cilia of the respiratory epithelium?

A

Move microbes and debris up and out of the airways.

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8
Q

What is function of the Pharynx?

A

It carries air, food and fluid down from the nose and mouth.

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9
Q

What are the 3 major regions of the pharynx?

A
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
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10
Q

Where is Pleurae located and whats its function?

A
  • Membrane lining the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura) and covering the lungs (visceral pleura).
  • protect and cushion the lungs.
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11
Q

What is the pleural cavity?

A

The space between the visceral and parietal layers.

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12
Q

Pleural cavity and pleurae function?

A

The pleural cavity, with its associated pleurae, aids optimal functioning of the lungs during breathing.

The function of the pleura is to allow optimal expansion and contraction of the lungs during breathing.

The pleural fluid acts as a lubricant, allowing the parietal and visceral pleura to glide over each other friction free.

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13
Q

What is pulmonary ventilation?

A

Breathing (Inspiration and expiration)

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14
Q

What is inspiration?

A

The volume of the lungs increases and the pressure inside the lungs decreases. (Taking air into the lungs)

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15
Q

What is expiration?

A

The lungs return to their original size and pressure in the lungs rises which moves air out. (letting air out of the lungs)

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16
Q

Mechanisms of breathing:

A
  • alveolar and intrapleural pressures are dependent on certain physical features of the lung
  • ability to breathe—to have air enter the lungs during inspiration and air leave the lungs during expiration—is dependent on the air pressure of the atmosphere and the air pressure within the lungs
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17
Q

Interpleural pressure

A

Pressure of the air within the pleural cavity, between the visceral and parietal pleurae.

18
Q

Transpulmonary pressure

A

The difference between the intrapleural and intra-alveolar pressures, and it determines the size of the lungs. A higher transpulmonary pressure corresponds to a larger lung.

19
Q

What is the Function of the Pulmonary arteries and veins?

A

Your pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from your heart to your lungs. Your pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from your lungs to your heart.

20
Q

What is external respiration?

A
  • Gas exchange in the lungs
  • Involves both bringing air into the lungs (inhalation) and releasing air to the atmosphere (exhalation).
21
Q

What is internal respiration?

A
  • Gas exchange in the body’s tissues
  • It generally refers to the exchange of gases mainly oxygen and carbon dioxide, which occurs between the blood and cells
22
Q

Gas exchange across the respiratory membrane of the lungs:

A

At the respiratory membrane, where the alveolar and capillary walls meet, gases move across the membranes, with oxygen entering the bloodstream and carbon dioxide exiting.

23
Q

Gas exchange in the tissues:

A
  • Gas exchange that occurs at the level of body tissues
  • Occurs as simple diffusion due to a partial pressure gradient.
  • Cellular respiration continuously produces carbon dioxide, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is lower in the blood than it is in the tissue, causing carbon dioxide to diffuse out of the tissue
24
Q

Oxygen transport

A
  • Bound to hemoglobin (oxyhemoglobin)
  • Dissolved in blood plasma
25
Q

Carbon dioxide transport

A
  • Dissolved in blood plasma
  • Bound to hemoglobin (carbaminohemoglobin)
  • Transported as bicarbonate (Most common)
26
Q

What is the Nasopharynx

A
  • The upper part of the throat behind the nose.
  • The main function of your nasopharynx is to connect your nasal passages to the rest of your respiratory system.
  • The nasopharynx is lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells.
27
Q

What is the Oropharynx

A
  • stratified squamous epithelium
  • two distinct sets of tonsils, the palatine and lingual tonsils
28
Q

What is Laryngopharynx

A
  • laryngopharynx is inferior to the oropharynx and posterior to the larynx
  • continues the route for ingested material and air until its inferior end, where the digestive and respiratory systems diverge
  • stratified squamous epithelium of the oropharynx is continuous with the laryngopharynx
29
Q

What type of tissue is found in the lungs and what is its function?

A

Non-Keratinized Pseudostratified columnar epithelium and secretes mucus.

30
Q

What types of tissue is found in the Esophagus and what is its function?

A
  • Non-Keratinized Stratified squamous epithelium and protects against abrasions.
31
Q

What types of tissue is found in the Larynx and what is its function?

A
  • Non-Keratinized Stratified squamous epithelium and protects against abrasions.
    -Non-Keratinized Pseudostratified columnar epithelium and secretes mucus.
32
Q

What type of tissue is found in the Epiglottis and what is its function?

A

Non-Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium and protects against abrasions.

33
Q

Asphyxia

A

Deficiency of oxygen in the blood and increase in carbon dioxide in blood leading to absence of breathing.

34
Q

Asthma

A

Spasm and narrowing of bronchi, leading to bronchial airway obstruction

35
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapsed lung

36
Q

Emphysema

A

Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

37
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Spitting up blood

38
Q

Hemothorax

A

Blood from respiratory tract in the pleural cavity

39
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

Abnormal condition of dust in the lungs

40
Q

Pneuminia

A

Abnormal condition of the lungs marked by inflammation and collection of infected material in air sacs

41
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Infectious and inflammatory disease caused by bacteria

Anatomy (14 decks)

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