Respiratory system

Question 1

The visceral pleura covers the:

Answer 1

outer surface of the lung

Question 2

An area common to both the respiratory and digestive system through which food, drink, and air pass is the:

Answer 2

oropharynx

Question 3

Which structure is the last, smallest portion of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

Answer 3

terminal bronchiole

Question 4

The ____________ cartilage of the larynx forms the laryngeal prominence (“Adam’s apple”).

Answer 4

thyroid

Question 5

The C-shaped cartilages in the trachea:

Answer 5

hold the trachea open and allow for swallowing

Question 6

The epithelium lining the alveoli is:

Answer 6

simple squamous

Question 7

Gas exchange occurs in the:

Answer 7

upper respiratory tract.

Question 8

upper respiratory tract includes:

Answer 8

• nose and naval cavities
  -nares
  -nasal septum
  -hard palate
  -soft palate
• paranasal sinuses
• pharynx [3 regions]

-within conducting portion of the respiratory system

Question 9

what are the 4 paranasal sinuses?

Answer 9

frontal
ethmoidal
sphenoidal
maxillary

Question 10

Respiratory system functions

Answer 10

• pulmonary ventilation (breathing)
  *** Inhalation (inspiration) and exhalation (expiration)
• gas exchange
  [external respiration exchanges gas between atmosphere and blood]
  [internal respiration exchanges gas between blood and body cells]
• gas/air conditioning (Warming, humidifying, cleansing)
• sound production: larynx crucial for speech and singing
• olfaction
• defense- protection against airborne pathogens

Question 11

Pharynx

-3 regions

Answer 11

nasopharynx [pseudostratified ciliated columnar ET]
oropharynx [unkeratinized stratified squamous ET to resist abrasion from food]
laryngopharynx [unkeratinized stratified squamous ET to resist abrasion from food]

“the throat”
lined with a mucosa
has skeletal muscle for swallowing control

Question 12

larynx

Answer 12

“the voice box” - houses vocal chords & manipulates pitch and sound volume

connects the pharynx to the trachea

-supported by framework of cartilages

Question 13

trachea

Answer 13

“the windpipe”

travels anterior to esophagus, inferior to larynx, superior to main bronchi

supported by C shaped tracheal cartilages connected by annular ligaments

-has the mucociliary escalator: removes pathogens

Question 14

bronchial tree

Answer 14

trachea splits into right and left main (primary) bronchi

-each main bronchus divides into lobar (secondary) bronchi

-final segment of conducting pathway= terminal bronchioles

Question 15

terminal bronchioles branch into-

Answer 15

respiratory bronchioles

Question 16

respiratory bronchioles branch into-

Answer 16

alveolar ducts

Question 16

alveolar ducts end with dilated:

Answer 16

alveolar sac

Question 17

lung lobes are separated by:

Answer 17

depressions/lines called fissures

right lung- 3 lobes [superior, middle, inferior] – horizontal & oblique fissure.

left lung- 2 lobes [superior & inferior w/ oblique fissue]

Question 18

the superior region of the lung is called:

inferior region is the:

Answer 18

apex

base (rests on diaphragm)

Question 19

differences between the left and right lung

Answer 19

• left lung is slightly smaller to accommodate the fact that the heart projects into the left side of the thoracic cavity

*left lung has 2 lobes, right has 3

• left lung has some depressions to accomodate heart (cardiac impression on medial surface) & cardiac notch —- these allow heart to occupy space

Question 20

The structure in the head/neck that is a common passageway for both food and air is the:

Answer 20

pharynx

Question 21

lower respiratory system includes:

Answer 21

• cartilages
  -epiglottis; thyroid; cricoid; corniculate; arytenoid
• Larynx
  -hyoid bone
  -vocal folds [false vestibular, & true]
• Trachea
  -trachealis muscle; carina
• Bronchi
  -primary, secondary, tertiary
• Lung airways
  -bronchioles, alveoli

Question 22

alveoli are lined with-

Answer 22

simple squamous ET

Question 23

lungs are surrounded by-

Answer 23

pleural membrane

Question 24

which lung is larger?

Answer 24

right lung is larger

Question 25

The tiny round spaces in the lung where gas exchange occurs are:

Answer 25

alveoli

Question 26

What is found at the location indicated by A? D?

Answer 26

A- nasal turbinates D- trachea

Question 27

identify the side of A and B

Answer 27

A- right B- left

Question 28

From the upper respiratory passages to the lower passages and finally to the alveoli, the amount of hyaline cartilage and goblet cells gradually _____________

Answer 28

decreases

Question 29

From the upper respiratory passages to the lower passages and finally to the alveoli, epithelial tissue changes from:

Answer 29

taller (pseudostratified) to shorter (cuboidal) and finally to flat (squamous)

Question 30

Identify this area

Answer 30

lung [has alveoli]

Question 31

What type of cells are found in the alveoli?

Answer 31

Type 1 epithelial & endothelial Type 2 Macrophages

Question 32

Answer 32

Respiratory bronchiole [t=terminal]

Question 33

What is the arrow pointing to?

Answer 33

Terminal bronchiole

Question 34

Identify A

Answer 34

primary bronchi

Question 35

identify the purple

Answer 35

trachea

Question 36

identify A

Answer 36

Carina of trachea

Question 37

identify A and B

Answer 37

A- hard palate B- soft palate

Question 38

what is the highlighted area

Answer 38

uvula

Question 39

identify A and B

Answer 39

A- palatoglossal arch B- palatopharyngeal arch

Question 40

label the colored parts

Answer 40

blue- nasopharynx green- oropharynx purple- laryngopharynx

Question 41

what is circled?

Answer 41

pharynx

Question 42

identify this

Answer 42

larynx

Question 43

identify circled area

Answer 43

epiglottis

Question 44

identify 5/circled area

Answer 44

thyroid cartilage

Question 45

identify 6/circled area

Answer 45

cricoid cartilage

Question 46

identify the circled area

Answer 46

arytenoid cartilage [posterior]

Question 47

identify #3

Answer 47

corniculate cartilages

Question 48

identify the yellow and red

Answer 48

yellow- true vocal cords red- false, vestibular folds

Question 49

identify the blue

Answer 49

arytenoid cartilage

Question 50

identify the blue

Answer 50

cricoid cartilage

Question 51

identify the blue

Answer 51

vocal folds

Question 52

identify the blue

Answer 52

superior lobe of right lung

Question 53

identify the blue

Answer 53

superior lobe of left lung

Question 54

identify the blue

Answer 54

right lung

Question 55

what is it pointing to?

Answer 55

oblique fissure of left lung

Question 56

identify the circled area

Answer 56

middle lobe of right lung

Question 57

identify circled area

Answer 57

horizontal fissure of the right lung

Question 58

identify circled area

Answer 58

oblique fissure of right lung

Question 59

identify circled area

Answer 59

inferior lobe of right lung

Question 60

identify circled area

Answer 60

inferior lobe of the left lung

Question 61

identify A

Answer 61

Cardiac notch (of left lung)

Question 62

identify the green

Answer 62

hilum of lung

Question 63

Trachealis

Answer 63

The trachealis muscle lies posterior to the trachea

Question 64

what contains pharyngeal tonsil?

Answer 64

nasopharynx

Question 65

________________ lacks cartilage but has significant amounts of smooth muscle in wall

Answer 65

bronchiole

Question 66

what causes air turbulence in nasal cavity?

Answer 66

nasal conchae

Question 67

what has a cardiac notch and cardiac impression?

Answer 67

left lung

Question 68

cricoid cartilage is made of-

Answer 68

solid ring of hyaline cartilage

Question 69

______________branches directly from the trachea

Answer 69

main bronchus

Question 70

what cell produces pulmonary surfactant?

Answer 70

alveolar type II cell

Question 71

vocal folds attach to ____________

Answer 71

arytenoid cartilage

Question 72

what is the phagocytic cell in alveoli?

Answer 72

alveolar macrophage

Question 73

what covers laryngeal opening when swallowing?

Answer 73

epiglottis

Question 74

diaphragm, internal, and external intercostals are all muscles of :

Answer 74

respiration