Respiratory system Flashcards
Respiration?
Entire process of exchanging gasses between the atmosphere and the body cells.
external respiration?
exchanging of gasses between blood and air in the lungs
internal respiration?
exchanging of gasses between blood and body cells
ventilation?
use of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide by cells
Why do we need Oxygen?
it is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain
What are the parts of the upper respiratory tract?
nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx
what are the parts of the lower respiratory tract?
larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, lungs
what type of cartilage makes the nose?
elastic
What bones form the nasal cavity?
nasal, frontal, maxillary
Nasopharynx?
respiration. pseudostratisfied ciliated columnar epithelium
Oropharynx?
digestion. nonkeratinized stratisfied squamous epithelium
laryngopharynx?
respiration. same as oropharynx
What are the functions of the larynx?
prevents foreign objects from entering the trachea, passage of air in and out of lungs.
9 cartilages that make up the larynx?
thyroid, cricothyroid, cricoid, tracheal, cuneiform, corniculate, arytenoid
What is the function of the false vocal cords?
close off glottis to keep food out
male vs female vocal cords?
male is more v shaped
how do we speak?
pitch changed by amount of tension. modified by resonating chambers, position of lips, mouth and tongue.
What is valsalvas maneuver?
closing of the glottis and contraction of the abdominal muscles
describe the trachea.
extends from larynx to primary bronchi. made of smooth muscle and 20 c shaped rings of hyaline cartilage. open end of posterior to allow esophagus to expand in.
Where is the trachea in relationship to the esophagus?
in front of the esophagus
what muscle is found in the trachea?
trachealis
what type of tissue lines the trachea?
pseudostratisfied ciliated columnar epithelium
what is the carnia?
most sensitive area for cough reflex
what membrane surrounds the lungs?
pleural membranes
