Urinary System Anatomy Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is the urinary system comprised of?
- 2 kidneys
- 2 ureters
- 1 urinary bladder
- 1 urethra
What are the three functions of kidneys?
- Regulate volume and composition of body fluids
- Eliminate excess water and metabolic waste
- Conserve water and electrolytes
In what animals is the bean shaped kidney observed in?
- Dogs
- Cats
- Small ruminants
- Humans
Where does the right kidney sit?
It fits into a fossa of the liver
Where are the kidneys located?
Retroperitoneal
What is the hilus of the kidney?
An indentation along the medial border through which blood vessels, nerves and ureters pass
What are the two functional components of the kidney?
- Outer cortex
- Inner medulla
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
The nephron
What does a nephron consist of?
- Renal corpuscle
- Renal tubule
What two structures is the renal corpuscle made up of?
- Glomerulus
- Bowman’s capsule
Where is the glomerulus?
It is housed in the Bowman’s capsule
What three structures is the renal tubule made up of?
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- Loop of Henle
- Distal convoluted tubule
What are the four steps of filtration in the nephron?
- Blood enters the Glomerulus through the afferent arteriole
- Cells on the outer surface of the glomerulus form a filtration membrane
- Blood leaves through smaller efferent arteriole
- The Glomerular filtrate enters the renal tubule
What are the three regions of the loop of Henle?
- Descending limb
- Thin ascending limb
- Thick ascending limn
What is the renal pelvis?
Where the urine is emptied into from the collecting ducts
How does the ureter travel to the bladder?
Travels along the dorsal abdominal wall turning ventrally and medially at the pelvic cavity
How does the ureter enter the bladder?
It penetrates the bladder wall obliquely
What prevents reflux of urine into the ureter at the bladder?
The length of the intramural course
What is the three layers of the ureter?
- Outer connective tissue layer
- Muscular layer
- Inner mucosa layer
What is the structure of a contracted bladder?
Small and globular with thick walls and negligible lumen
Where does a contracted bladder sit?
Rests on the pubic bones
What is the structure of an enlarged bladder?
Pear shaped with a smooth surfac
Where does an enlarged bladder sit?
Continuing distension carries a greater portion into the abdomen but the neck remains fixed within the pelvis
What are the three layers of the bladder muscle?
- Outer longitudinal
- Middle circular
- Inner longitudinal
