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FF2 Exam 1 > Respiratory System + Histophysiology > Flashcards

Respiratory System + Histophysiology Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

List the pathway of Respiration (8)

A
  • Nares
  • Nasal Vestibule
  • Nasal Cavity
  • Nasopharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Lungs
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2
Q

What are the limits of the nasal vestibule?

A

Nares to nasal aperture

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3
Q

___________ is from the nasal aperture to choanae, with left and right ones divided by the nasal septum

A

Nasal cavity

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4
Q

What is the choanae?

A

end of the hard palate

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5
Q

The space dorsal to the soft palate is ____________

A

Nasopharynx

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6
Q

What is the laryngopharynx?

A

Space dorsal to larynx at end of soft palate

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7
Q

Describe the larynx and its purpose

A

The voice box. It dilates the airway (during respiration) and prevents food from entering it (swallowing)

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8
Q

What makes up the upper respiratory tract?

A

Nares, nasal vestibule, nasal cavity, Nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx

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9
Q

What makes up the lower respiratory tract?

A

Trachea and lungs

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10
Q

Define the carina

A

Wedge-like cranial projection where trachea splits

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11
Q

What is the main conjugate of the airway?

A

Trachea/windpipe

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12
Q

List in order from trachea to lungs the structures

A

Trachea
Primary bronchi
Secondary bronchi
Tertiary bronchi
Terminal bronchioles
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs
Alveoli

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13
Q

Which structure connects the trachea to the larynx?

A

Cricotracheal ligament

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14
Q

What structures expand the dorsal part of the trachea?

A

Tracheal rings

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15
Q

In mammal, what muscle opens the tracheal rings dorsally and span them?

A

Trachealis mm

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16
Q

What structure connects the tracheal rings to each other?

A

Annular ligaments

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17
Q

Into which parts is the trachea divided?

A

Cervical and thoracic

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18
Q

The LRT is divided into what 2 zones:

A

Conducting and respiratory zones

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19
Q

What are the parts of the conducting zone?

A

Trachea, primary/secondary/tertiary bronchi, terminal bronchioles

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20
Q

The tertiary bronchi are defined as?

A

Sections of bronchi that course towards lobe sections

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21
Q

What is the most distal segment of the conducting portion of the conducting zone?

A

Terminal bronchioles

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22
Q

The respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts/sacs and alveoli make up which LRT zone?

A

Exchange Zone

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23
Q

What are the lungs divided into?

A

Lobes

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24
Q

Define the pulmonary ligaments

A

Reflections of serosa connecting caudal lungs to dorsal body wall

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25
What is the functional blood supply of the lungs?
Pulmonary arteries and veins
26
Which type of blood supply brings deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
Functional
27
Broncoesophageal arteries and veins make up what blood supply of the lungs?
Nutritive blood suppluy
28
What is required for respiration to occur?
An intact pleural cavity
29
What creates a negative pressure inside the lung tissue?
Muscular contractions outside of pleural cavity
30
Pressure normalization is done by?
Expiration (passively)
31
What does the diaphragm does when it contracts?
It pulls the parietal pleura and allow expansion
32
Where does the functional blood supply come from the heart to the lungs ?
Right ventricle
33
Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve
34
Where does the phrenic nerve originate from?
C5-C7
35
While auscultating the lungs, it is usually performed where?
In the orders of the pleural cavities
36
What is the function of the respiratory system?
Transport, condition and exchange gases
37
Which 2 regions make up the nasal fossa?
Respiratory and olfactory region
38
The anterior portion of the nasal cavity is the _________________
Vestibular region
39
What is the main entrance to the respiratory system ?
Vestibular region
40
Describe the epithelium of the vestibular region
Pigmented and thickened Stratified squamous Keratinized
41
Describe the epithelium of the vestibular region
Pigmented and thickened Stratified squamous Keratinized
42
Which structure lies within the nasal septum?
Nasal fossa
43
Which structure lies within the nasal septum?
Nasal fossa
44
Describe the function nasal fossa
Condition inspired air
45
Which epithelium in the nasal fossa traps particles (cleanses) air?
Respiratory
46
Which epithelium in the nasal fossa traps particles (cleanses) air?
Respiratory
47
Goblet cells and serotonin-mucus glands do what to air?
Moisten it
48
What warms the air in the nasal fossa?
Venous plexus
49
What warms the air in the nasal fossa?
Venous plexus
50
List the 3 cell types in the olfactory region of the nasal cavity
- Olfactory - Sustentacular - Basal
51
Olfactory cells of the nasal cavity are _______________
Specialized neurons
52
Which cell type provides physical support of the nasal cavity?
Sustentacular
53
Describe the epithelium in the respiratory region do the nasal cavity
Ciliated pseudo-stratified
54
What plays an important role in trapping particles?
Cilia and mucus
55
Where do cilia move mucus and trapped particles ?
From nasal cavity to pharynx
56
What is the chemoreception area of the nasal cavity called?
Vomeronasal Organ
57
What substance is identified by the VMO?
Pheromones
58
Describe a behavioral response from the VMO
Flehmen response
59
Describe a behavioral response from the VMO
Flehmen response
60
The neurons in the VMO have what?
Microvilli
61
Which part of the pharynx has respiratory epithelium?
Nasopharynx
62
What type of epithelium does the oropharynx has?
Stratified squamous
63
What type of cartilage is present in the larynx?
Hyaline and elastic
64
What controls cartilage movement in the larynx?
Muscle (swallowing and vocalization)
65
Define the epiglottis
Leaf-shaped cartilage that depresses during swallowing to cover the larynx
66
What type of epithelium is present in the bronchioles?
Simple columnar or cuboidal
67
Where is the site for gas exchange ?
Alveoli
68
What decreases surface tension within the alveoli?
Pulmonary surfactant
69
List the 2 types of cells present in alveoli
- Alveolar Type I - Alveolar Type II
70
Which alveolar cells produces pulmonary surfactant?
Alveolar type II
71
List the 2 components of the Blood-Air Barrier
Type I Pneumocytes Capillary endothelial cells
72
What epithelium is visceral pleura lined by?
Simple cuboidal/squamous

FF2 Exam 1 (6 decks)

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