Urinary System

Question 1

Describe the urinary pathway

Answer 1

• kidneys to ureters to bladder to urethra to external urethral orifice

Question 2

What is considered the upper urinary tract?

Answer 2

Kidneys and ureters

Question 3

What is considered the urinary lower tract?

Answer 3

UB and urethra

Question 4

Which kidney is more cranial and in contact with the liver?

Answer 4

right kidney

Question 5

Which kidney is more pendulous and mobile?

Answer 5

Left kidney

Question 6

What are the 2 main anatomy parts of a kidney?

Answer 6

Cortex and medulla

Question 7

What is included in a kidney lobe?

Answer 7

Renal pyramid, cortex, renal papillae

Question 8

In which species are the kidney lobes separate?

Answer 8

Cows

Question 9

Describe a kidney lobe in pigs

Answer 9

Fused cortex but separate pyramids

Question 10

What is the functional unit of a kidney?

Answer 10

Nephron

Question 11

What part of the kidney filters blood?

Answer 11

Renal corpuscle

Question 12

What does the Loop of Henle do?

Answer 12

Concentrate urine

Question 13

Which structure descends into the medulla?

Answer 13

Collecting tubule

Question 14

Into what does the renal vein drain?

Answer 14

Caudal Vena Cava

Question 15

How do the ureters close?

Answer 15

The UB fills and puts pressure on the ureters

Question 16

True or false: the ureters travel intramurally at some point

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Define the trigone

Answer 17

Where the ureters empty and the urethra forms

Question 18

What muscle is in the urethra?

Answer 18

urethralis mm

Question 19

Which type of muscle makes up the internal muscle sphincters of the urethra?

Answer 19

Smooth

Question 20

What are the smooth muscle tubes that are the conduits for urine from kidneys to the UB?

Answer 20

Ureters

Question 21

Where do the ureters arise from?

Answer 21

Renal pelvis

Question 22

In the dog, the pelvic ureter enters the _________ ligament and then the __________ ligament of the bladder

Answer 22

Broad; lateral

Question 23

What is the urine storage structure of the body?

Answer 23

Urinary bladder

Question 24

When the UB is full, where is it located?

Answer 24

Ventral abdominal cavity

Question 25

What is the muscle for the bladder wall?

Answer 25

Detrusor mm

Question 26

What type of epithelium makes up the UB?

Answer 26

Transitional

Question 27

Define the urethra

Answer 27

The urine passageway

Question 28

True/False: the external urethral orifice is present in females

Answer 28

False

Question 29

What suspends the UB ?

Answer 29

R/L lateral ligaments and the single median l.

Question 30

What are the remanants of the umbilical artery?

Answer 30

Lateral ligaments

Question 31

What is the remnant of the Urachus?

Answer 31

Median ligament

Question 32

What did the urachus do in the fetus?

Answer 32

Connect the bladder to the bellybutton

Question 33

What is the main arterial supply for the genitals?

Answer 33

Internal pudendal

Question 34

In the female, which artery comes off internal pudendal?

Answer 34

Vaginal

Question 35

In the male, which artery comes off internal pudendal?

Answer 35

Prostatic a

Question 36

What is the branch of the aorta that supplies the UB directly?

Answer 36

Cranial vesicle a

Question 37

True/False: the urinary tract is supplies both autonomically and somatically.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Which nerve contains the pre ganglionic axons?

Answer 38

Pelvic n

Question 39

If the pelvic is parasympathetic, what does it do to the detrusor mm and the urethral sphincter?

Answer 39

Contracts detrusor and relaxes urethral smooth muscle

Question 40

Which nerve provides post-ganglionic and sympathetic innervation of the urinary tract?

Answer 40

Hypogastric nerve

Question 41

Storing urine takes part through which innervation?

Answer 41

Sympathetic - detrusor relaxes

Question 42

The somatic innervation of the urethralis is the __________ n.

Answer 42

Pudendal n

Question 43

List some functions of the excretory system

Answer 43

-conserve water and electrolytes - maintain acid/base balance - metabolic waste elimination

Question 44

The kidney parenchyma is made of what?

Answer 44

Cortex and medullary rays

Question 45

What makes up the corpuscle in the nephron?

Answer 45

Glomerulus and capsule

Question 46

List the 4 tubules of the nephron

Answer 46

- proximal - intermediate - distal - collecting duct

Question 47

What is the fxn of the glomerulus?

Answer 47

Filtration

Question 48

Which cells of the glomerulus act as structural support?

Answer 48

Podocytes

Question 49

Are capillaries in the glomerulus fenestrated or sinusoidal?

Answer 49

Fenestrated

Question 50

What are the cells that are considered phagocytic in the glomerulus?

Answer 50

Mesangial

Question 51

What part of the kidney is responsible for regulating blood pressure via the RAAS system?

Answer 51

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

Question 52

What is the RAAS system?

Answer 52

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Question 53

Which cells regulate renal blood flow ?

Answer 53

Extraglomerular mesangial cells

Question 54

Describe what Angiotensin II does

Answer 54

Vasoconstrictor, synthesize and release aldosterone

Question 55

What stimulates RBC production in Kidneys?

Answer 55

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 56

What produces EPO in response to O2?

Answer 56

Cortical peritubular interstitial cells

Question 57

What type of epithelium is present in the distal nephron tubules?

Answer 57

Simple cuboidal

Question 58

What increases kidney medullary interstition osmolality?

Answer 58

Countercurrent multiplier system

Question 59

What are the 3 layers of the excretory system?

Answer 59

- umbrella - intermediate - basal

Question 60

Define Uroplakins

Answer 60

Crystalline protein covering the luminal surface of umbrellas cells

Question 61

Where does E. Coli adhere to ?

Answer 61

Uroplakins