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FF2 Exam 1 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 2 main components of the digestive tract?

A

Digestive tract and associated glands

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2
Q

Describe the functions of the digestive system

A

Digestion, Resorption, Excretion

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3
Q

List 5 parts of the Digestive system

A
  • pharyngeal cavity
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • intestine
  • liver
  • pancreas
  • salivary glands
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4
Q

What is the future epithelial lining of the digestive tract?

A

entoderm

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5
Q

What is the coelomic cavity?

A

The future peritoneal cavity

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6
Q

What determines the position of the digestive tract?

A

Fetal development

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7
Q

List the 5 layers of a organ wall

A
  • T. Mucosa
  • T. Submucosa
  • T. Muscularis
  • T. Subserosa
  • T. Serosa
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8
Q

What are the 3 types of peritoneum in the peritoneal cavity?

A
  • Parietal
  • Visceral
  • Intermediate
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9
Q

Name the peritoneum that attaches the liver to the body wall

A

Falciform ligament

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10
Q

Which direction does the stomach rotate in the embryo?

A

Counter Clockwise

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11
Q

What is the function of the mesentery?

A

Carry vessels and nerves to organs

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12
Q

Give examples of mesentery based on their attachment

A
  • Mesoduodenum
  • mesojejunum
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13
Q

The dorsal mesogastrium makes up what 4 parts

A
  • Greater omentum
  • omental bursa
  • omental cavity
  • epiploic foramen
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14
Q

The ventral mesogastrium makes up what 2 parts

A
  • Lesser omentum
  • Falciform ligament
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15
Q

The deep leaf, free edge and superficial wall make up what structure in the abdomen?

A

The omental bursa / epiploon

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16
Q

The entrance to thee omental bursa is the ______________

A

Epiploic foramen

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17
Q

Describe the function of the stomach

A

temporary food storage

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18
Q

What is the term used for the stomach’s function in feeding the young?

A

Social function

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19
Q

When the stomach is full, what does it occupy?

A

Left half of the abdominal cavity and pelvic inlet

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20
Q

List the 5 regions of the stomach

A
  • cardia
  • fundus
  • body
  • pyloric part
  • lesser/ greater tubercle
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21
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the duodenum?

A
  • cranial, descending, ascending
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22
Q

Describe the cecum

A

Blind pouch; corkscrew shaped

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23
Q

Ascending, transverse and descending describes what part of the intestine

A

Colon

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24
Q

List the SI parts

A
  • Duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • Illeum
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25
What are the parts of the LI?
- Cecum - Colon - Rectum
26
Where are lymph follicles only located in the intestine in mammals ?
Ileum
27
What is a key histophysiological feature of a mammal SI?
intestinal villi
28
Where do all single abdominal organs drain venous blood into?
Portal vein`
29
Where do paired organs drain venous blood?
Caudal Vena Cava
30
Blood supply to the stomach is seen as?
Redundant supply
31
What is the clinical significance of gastric arteries?
When doing a splenectomy, one should lígate as close to the splenic Hylus as possible to keep the gastric arteries that supply the greater curvature of the stomach
32
List and describe the 2 digestive system types that exist
- Polygastric (more than 1 stomach compartment) - Monogastric ( single chambered stomach)
33
List and describe the 2 digestive system types that exist
- Polygastric (more than 1 stomach compartment) - Monogastric ( single chambered stomach)
34
What is the main difference between polygastric and monogastric digestion?
Polygastrics can digest cellulose very effectively compared to monogastrics
35
The polymer that is described as repeated glucose units linked via B 1,4 linkages is:
Cellulose
36
Which enzyme is made by gut bacteria in herbivores?
Cellulase
37
What is broken down by amylase?
Starch
38
What is aided by mucosa specialization and smooth muscle movement of the GIT?
Digestion
39
The GIT can be described as “________” to “__________”
Mouth to anus
40
Describe in order the alimentary canal
oral cavity Pharynx Esophagus SI LI
41
The teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas are classified as ?
Accessory Digestive Organs
42
What is a term that can be used for abdominal organs of digestion?
Visceral organs
43
Describe the functions of the system
- digestion: hydrolyzed into monomers - Absorption: monomers pass through SI inner mucosa - Motility: movement through tract - secretion: exocrine and endocrine - Storage/elimination
44
4 parts to Motility are:
Ingestion Mastication Deglutition (swallowing) Peristalsis
45
Define zymogens
Inactive enzymes
46
Where are the active digestive enzymes located?
Within the GIT lumen
47
What prevents leakage into the SI wall?
tight junctions of mucosa epithelial cells
48
What is considered the “Second brain”?
The enteric NS / Intrinsic NS
49
What does the ENS regulate?
The digestive system (coordinate GI mov, dig, absorb, control appetite, Intergrity of mucosal, maintainence)
50
Where is the ENS system located?
Submucosal plexus and Myenteric
51
Which plexus regulates enzymes and blood flow in the ENS?
Submucosal plexus (Meisnners)
52
True or False : The ENS can operate autonomously
True
53
Efferent, afferent, and interneurons make up (extrinsic or intrinsic) innervation to the GIT?
Intrinsic
54
The para and sympathetic system innervation type is (extrinsic or intrinsic)?
Extrinsic
55
The parasympathetic NS (increases/decreases) GIT motility.
Increases
56
The sympathetic NS (increases/decreases) GIT motility.
Decreases
57
What does the duodenum secrete?
Secretins
58
What hormone stimulates the pancreatic duct to secrete bicarbonate and water?
Secretin
59
What is secreted by the stomach to stimulate cells?
Gastric
60
List the gastric cells and what they secrete
- Parietal = HCl - Chief = Pepsinogen
61
What is secreted by the SI that stimulates the gallbladder?
Cholecystokinin
62
Which enzyme is released that inhibits insulin production?
Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP)
63
Which enzyme stimulates pancreatic islets to produce insulin?
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)
64
What is the largest lymphoid organ in the body?
GIT
65
What are the 2 accessory organs of the GI?
Liver and Pancreas
66
Describe the functions of the liver
The detox center and bile production
67
List the 6 liver lobes
-left and right lateral - left and right medial - quadrate - caudate
68
Between which two lobes of the liver does the GB lie?
R medial and quadrate
69
What anchors the liver to the diaphragm?
Triangular ligament
70
What is the nutritive blood supply to the liver?
The Hepatic portal vein
71
What structure drains the liver?
Hepatic artery
72
What structure encircles the venous structures of the liver?
Coronary ligament
73
What is the name of the enclosure where the arteries, veins, GB and bile duct come out off the liver?
Porta Hepatis
74
What is the function of the gallbladder?
Store the bile produced by the liver
75
What is the duct called at the neck of the Gallbladder?
Cystic duct
76
What are the GB ducts that drain the liver lobes?
Hepatic ducts
77
What GB duct empties into the duodenum?
Bile duct
78
What layer encircles the bile duct?
T. Muscularis
79
What duct opens with the bile duct at the major duodenal papillae?
Pancreatic duct
80
A liver lobule is described as:
Hepatocytes around a central vein
81
2 liver lobules make up an _____________
Acinus
82
Describe the function of the pancreas
Produce digestive enzymes and hormones
83
What is the main duct of the pancreas in the dog?
The accessory duct
84
What are the exocrine parts of the pancreas?
Zymogens and acinar cells
85
list the 3 endocrine cells of the pancreas and their secretion
- alpha: glucagon - beta: insulin - delta: somatostatin
86
What does insulin do?
Stimulates glucose uptake

FF2 Exam 1 (6 decks)

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