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PODT- Microbiology > Respiratory Tract Infections > Flashcards

Respiratory Tract Infections Flashcards

1
Q

examples of URTI

A

Sinusitis
Ottis media
Pharyngytiis
Epiglottitis

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2
Q

examples of LRTIs

A

Larygngitis
Tracheitis
bronchiolitis
pneumonia

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3
Q

What type of viruses are associated with the common cold?

A

Rhinovirus
Adenovirus
coronavirus

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4
Q

What causes the sneezing and coughing?

A

mucosal irritation

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5
Q

What infections can result from the common cold?

A

Rhinitis
Laryngitis
pharyngitis
sinusitis

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6
Q

Cause of ottis media

A

Strep pneumoniae

h influenza

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7
Q

Treatment for ottis media

A

Amoxicillin

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8
Q

DIfference in ottis media and sinusits

A

OM more common in kids

Sinusitis has pain/fever/ localised tendereness

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9
Q

acute epiglottitiss?

A

iflamamation of epiglottis - blockage of airway

EMERGENCY INCUBATE!!

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10
Q

treatment for acute epiglottitis

A

antibiotics- cefotaxime

Incubate

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11
Q

Diagnosis of epiglottitis

A

Blood culture

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12
Q

cause of epiglottitis

A

H influenza capsular type B

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13
Q

What is parotitis also known as?

A

Mumps

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14
Q

cause of pharyngitis

A

Epstein barr virus leading to glandular fever
streptococcus pyogenes
diptheria ( serious toxin) - heart and brain damage

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15
Q

Laryngitis and tracheitis causes

A

Croup

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16
Q

What is croup

A

Larygnotracheobronchitis causing stridor due to laryngeal narrowing in young children

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17
Q

Treatment for laryngitis/tracheitis

A

Paracetamol and fluids
corticosteroids
adrenaline
( depending on the severity)

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18
Q

What does streptococcus pyogenes lead to/

A

Pharyngitis

scarlet fever

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19
Q

Treatment for pharyngitis and scarlet fever

A

pencillin

erythromycin

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20
Q

what is diptheria

A

Toxin producing strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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21
Q

Treatmenf for diptheria

A

Antitoxin + antibiotic

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22
Q

bacteria responsible for whooping cough

A

bordetella pertusis

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23
Q

symptoms of whooping cough

A

catarrhal illnesss and then paroxysyms of coughs

lobar segemental collapse of the lungs

24
Q

treatment for whooping cough

A

Vaccine

erythromycin

25
Q

WHat is acute bronchitis

A

Viral infection which can trigger a bacterial infection

26
Q

acute exacerbation of bronchitis can lead to?

A

COPD

27
Q

Bacteria involved in acute bronchitis

A

Strep pneumoniae
staph aureus
h influenza

28
Q

Treatment for acute bronchitis

A

Antibiotics
Bronchodilators
Steroids

29
Q

Bronchiolitis ?

A

Narrowing of the bronchioles

30
Q

Symptoms of bronchiolitis

A

wheezing presentation

31
Q

Main agent of bronchiolitis?

A

RSV

32
Q

What can bronchiolitis lead to?

A

intersitial pneumoniae

33
Q

What is given to children with heart and lung problems to prevent against RSV

A

Paluvizemab - monclonal antibody

given in winter

34
Q

What treatment is used for RSV when severe

A

Ribarvirin

35
Q

What bacteria is involved in pneumonia

A 
Strep pneumoniae 
legionella pneumoniae 
mycoplasma + chlamydia 
h influenza 
staph areus
36
Q

What is key when diagnosising pneumoniae

A

Sputum sample

37
Q

lobar pneumoniae

A

Distinct region/lobe of lung

Bacterial

38
Q

Bronchopneumoniae

A

Patchy consolidation - may spread throughout the lungs as a result
bacterial

39
Q

intersitial pneumoniae

A

invasion of lung intersitium

viral

40
Q

Lung abscess

A

cavitation and destruciton of the lung parenhyma

bacterial

41
Q

what is meant by typical pneumonia

A

lobar pneumonia caused by strep pneumonia

staph aureus/ h influenza - but not as common

42
Q

symptoms of typical pneumonia

A

Productive cough - rust coloured sputum

43
Q

What to look for for pneumonia

A

Confusion
Urea > 7 mmol/L
low systolic Blood pressure <90 or diastolic below 60
65> age

44
Q

What is atypical pneumonia

A

from atypical agents - mycoplasma pneumonia + legionella pneumonia

45
Q

Symptoms of atypical pneumonia

A

extrapulmonary
dry cough
no evidence of lobar consolodation

46
Q

how is pneumonia diagnosed?

A 
blood - WCC- DWCC- CRP 
blood culture 
resp secretions 
Viral - pcr 
bacterial - gram stains 
urine test for antigens- legionella + pneumococcus
47
Q

primary infection of myobacterium tuberculosis

A

Asymptomatic
Due to T cells repsonse
remains dormant and can reactivate

48
Q

Test for TB

A

Sputum sample
Culture
PCR

49
Q

Treatment for TB

A

3 drug combination to prevent resistance

50
Q

When is TB more likely to reactivate

A

when immunocompromised

51
Q

Bacteria for cystic fibrosis in order of age

A

staph aureus
pseudomonas
burkhoderia cepacia

52
Q

what is meant by antigenic drift?

A

Accumulation of point mutations secreted by population immunity

53
Q

what is meant by antigenic shift?

A

Sudden new virus - reassortment between human and animal influenza virus

54
Q

What is Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

fungus leading to high fatality pneumonia

55
Q

Diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

PCR

56
Q

treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

co- trimoxazole

PODT- Microbiology (18 decks)

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