Vaccine

Question 1

What is the reproductive rate?

Answer 1

The average number of secondary cases of infection produced by one primary case in a completely susceptible population
R0

Question 2

What is the effective reproductive rate?

Answer 2

Takes other factors into account

more accurate representation

Question 3

What is an adjuvant

Answer 3

increase in immunogenesity of vaccine

it is added to the vaccine

Question 4

what is meant by a live vaccine

Answer 4

Artificially reduced virulence ( attenuated)

microbes with naturally reduced virulence for humans

Question 5

What is meant by a dead vaccine

Answer 5

inactivated virus
subcellular fragments/ sub units vaccines
toxoids
genetically engineered recombinant vaccine

Question 6

Advantages of a live attenuated vaccine

Answer 6

good immunogens
induced long-lived - appropiate immunity
tend to produce mucosal immunity
may offer alternative routes

Question 7

Disadvantages of life attenuated vaccine

Answer 7

may require to be kept at certain temperatures
unstable gentically
possibly only short term protection

Question 8

What is a subcellular vaccine

Answer 8

Fractions can be used as vaccines if protective immunity is directed against a particular part of an organism

Question 9

Sub unit vaccnine pros

Answer 9

Safe
specific antibody and t cell reactions
can be selected
can be made using recombinant and DNA techniques

Question 10

Sub unit vaccines cons

Answer 10

Least effective
poor antigenicity
vaccine delivery

Question 11

What is a toxoid vaccine?

Answer 11

Bacterial toxins are proteins released by bacteria which induce an inflammatory response

Question 12

What are toxoids

Answer 12

inactivated toxins - no longer toxic still produce effective antibodies

Question 13

What are the most successful toxoid vaccines

Answer 13

diphtheria and tetanus

Question 14

What is the tripe DTP vaccine

Answer 14

Diphtheria tetanus and pertussis

Question 15

What does pertussis act as in the triple vaccine

Answer 15

Adjuvant aswell as a specific vaccine

Question 16

at risk groups for vaccines

Answer 16

immunodeficiency 
asthma 
HIV postitive 
Chronic lung disease
congenital heart disease 
definitive hypersensitivty