respiratory virus

Question 1

general rule of thumb for respiratory virus

Answer 1

-may or may not be clinically diagnosed
-most treated symptomatically

Question 2

how are respiratory virus transmitted

Answer 2

respiratory droplets and the fecal oral route

-after symptoms cleared it can still be spread in the stool

Question 3

collection for respiratory NEVER USE

Answer 3

calcium alginate
-will kills virus/ not allow to replicate

Question 4

it virus is going to be ID via viral culture

Answer 4

send to virology lab on wet ice at 4 degrees

Question 5

most common viral infection seen during the flu season

Answer 5

adenovirus

-sometimes referred as stomach flu
-rarely diagnosed

Question 6

adenovirus infects

Answer 6

respiratory and GI tract

-viral conjunctivitis (cold of eye)
-not really severe symptoms

Question 7

adenovirus sero types

Answer 7

50 sero types

-exposed for first time within first 2 years of life

Question 8

adenovirus shed in stool

Answer 8

weeks after primary infection

Question 9

virus we look for during the flu season (most cases seen here)

Answer 9

RSV

Question 10

how is RSV spread

Answer 10

very quickly respiratory droplets

-infect entire daycares

Question 11

RSV infections

Answer 11

multiple infection

and get again and again because natural immunity is short lived

Question 12

most common cause of respiratory deaths in children under 2 worldwide

Answer 12

RSV

-also concern in elderly patients

Question 13

is there an RSV vaccine

Answer 13

yes
-not mandated; recommended

Question 14

what does RSV cause

Answer 14

bronchitis, pneumonia

-kids/adults hospitalized and be put into isolation

Question 15

how is RSV detected

Answer 15

lateral flow immunoassay

-via ELISA
-can be ordered STAT
so you can find out ASAP if need to be isolated

Question 16

1 Recommended specimen for RSV

Answer 16

bronchial washings

second choice is nasopharyngeal

Question 17

why do secondary antibiotic treatment in RSV

Answer 17

for immunocompromised to prevent getting another infections

Question 18

1 cause of common cold

Answer 18

rhinovirus

Question 19

when is rhinovirus most common

Answer 19

warmer months
-hundreds of subtypes- so can catch a lot

Question 20

how is rhinovirus spread

Answer 20

respiratory, fomites (live several hours)

-sink common place to catch

Question 21

in rhinovirus people can lose

Answer 21

ability to taste or smell

Question 22

symptoms of influenza virus

Answer 22

respiratory and GI, fever

-kids= bronchitis
-worried about secondary bacterial infections in immunocompromised

Question 23

how is flu divided

Answer 23

influenza A, B, C

-for epidemiological purposes

Question 24

influenza A undergo antigenic

Answer 24

shift and drift

-can occur because of infecting both humans and animals (sharing antigenic components)

Question 25

shift

Answer 25

major reassortment of genetic material

Question 26

drift

Answer 26

minor reassortment of genetic material

Question 27

what influenza causes global pandemics

Answer 27

A -happens every 10 year

Question 28

influenza B undergo

Answer 28

antigenic drift -only affects humans- no pandemic

Question 29

influenza C is seen in

Answer 29

humans -we don't test for

Question 30

what components produce antibodies

Answer 30

H and N

Question 31

H means

Answer 31

hemaggultinate

Question 32

N

Answer 32

nuramidase

Question 33

influenza vaccine

Answer 33

change based on gene reassortment -rarely see exact 2 years in a row -based on strain seen year before -new strain will have some genetic material from year before

Question 34

contracted via rodents

Answer 34

hantavirus -deer mouse is main reservoirs

Question 35

where hantavirus discovered

Answer 35

4 corner states -west of mississippi

Question 36

what does hantavirus cause

Answer 36

pulmonary virus (HPS) -deadly and affects the lungs -can go into kidneys and cause death

Question 37

second most common cause of the common cold

Answer 37

coronavirus -called this because of coating around it

Question 38

how corona spread

Answer 38

fomites, respiratory

Question 39

SARS

Answer 39

sudden acute respiratory syndrome -started at lab in China -killed 20-45 year olds older people has immunity

Question 40

2 ways coronavirus left quickly in 2003

Answer 40

-people too sick to leave the house so people will isolated -viremia: short lived presence of antigen, not spreading for long periods of time

Question 41

MERS

Answer 41

middle east respiratory virus -no global pandemic outbreak

Question 42

potential source of MERS

Answer 42

bats camels

Question 43

how MERS spread

Answer 43

respiratory secretions -mutation of coronavirus

Question 44

COVID-19

Answer 44

mutated coronavirus -range from mild, flu, to death death more with comorbidity

Question 45

describe how COVID -19 altered

Answer 45

Glycoprotein fit into ACE receptor (look and key) ACE2 found in lungs, got into alveoli, inflamed and death

Question 46

now believe covid-19 could have

Answer 46

latent effects -remains in body for 14 months after original infection -people who can't clear antigen have long term effects

Question 47

COVID-19 went under many what antigen _______

Answer 47

drifts

Question 48

2 kinds of vaccine for COVID

Answer 48

messenger RNA protein subunit

Question 49

messenger RNA

Answer 49

- Created in the lab - Causes formation of spike glycoprotein (like COVID one) so we would produce antibodies against it

Question 50

protein subunit

Answer 50

- Used pieces of spike protein plus aguvent (component that makes particle stay in body longer, so immune system sees it longer)

Question 51

parainfluenza seen in

Answer 51

-symptoms similar to common cold -seen in younger children

Question 52

leading cause of COUP and bronchitis

Answer 52

parainfluenza -infections can lead to pneumonia