RESPITORY SYSTEM Flashcards
(60 cards)
what is the main function of the respiratory system
- Exchange gases
(oxygen and CO2) - Produce vocal sounds
- Sense of smell
- Regulate blood pH
what is respiration
the process of gas exchange
External respiration is
Gas exchange between the pulmonary blood and alveoli
Internal respiration
blood travels to capillaries in body parts
and exchanges gas with those tissues (blood → tissues)
Cellular respiration
metabolic reactions that convert chemical energy in food to usable energy (ATP) for the cell, and the body
Diffusion
movement of gases, occurring at short
distances
Bulk flow
movement of large amounts of gases to
different structures that they can then diffuse into
Upper Respiratory Tract
nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx
Lower Respiratory Tract
larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs
the path of air go into
nose/mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pulmonary capillaries, oxy attaches to the RBC, venules, pulmonary veins, heart, aorta, arterioles, capillaries, body cells
the path of air back
capillaries, veins, superior/inferior vena cava, heart, pulmonary arteries, arterioles, capillaries, alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx, nose/mouth,
Nasal concha
bones that divide the nasal cavity,
support the mucus membrane and increase surface area
(superior, middle, inferior)
epiglottis function
epiglottis protects the superior opening of the larynx When swallowing, the larynx is pulled upward, and the epiglottis tips to cover the larynx’s opening
epiglottis tissue its made of
elastic cartilage
epiglottis location
is located in the throat, specifically as part of the larynx The epiglottis is positioned at the superior (upper) opening of the larynx
trachea common name
wind pipe
purpose of the cartilage rings
Flexibility for Swallowing ex: this allows the esophagus to expand anteriorly (toward the front) when swallowing large pieces of food, ensuring that the food can pass down smoothly without obstruction
Support and Patency ex: The solid portions of the cartilage rings provide structural support to the tracheal wall
trachea its purpose
Air Conduction, Structural Support, Flexibility for Swallowing, Protection and Cleaning
Diaphragm where its located
under the rib cage in the thoracic cavity
what is inspiration
the active process of drawing air into the lungs, achieved through the contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, which expands the chest cavity and lowers the pressure within, causing air to rush in.
larynx whats its common name
voice box
what is the type of cartilage in the larynx
it is formed by eight rigid hyaline cartilages and a spoon-shaped flap of elastic cartilage
where is the larynx located
the vocal cords, the epiglottis, and is composed of cartilages, muscles, and ligaments
how does the voice box produce sound
The vocal folds vibrate
