FVC in restrictive lung disease
<80% of normal
lung causes of restriction
“Interstitial” lung diseases
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (UIP)
Sarcoidosis
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
pleural causes of restriction
effusions
pneumothorax
pleural thickening
skeletal causes of restrictions
kyphoscoliosis
ankylosing spondylitis
thoracoplasty
rib fractures
muscle causes of restriction
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
subdiaphragmatic causes of restriction
obesity
pregnancy