Review Health Psych Final Flashcards
(107 cards)
acceptance
the final stage in the stages of death or dying, in which people finally acnowledge that death is inevitable and believe they can face it calmly
Acute diseases
a disease characterized by a relatively sudden onset of symptoms that are usually severe
adherence
the extent to which a person follows recommnded treatments and health behaviors
advanced-directives
legal documents that allow you to convey your decisions about end-of-life care ahead of time
AIDS
a disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus in which the body’s natural defense system is disabled, leaving the body unable to fight off even mild infections. Although there is no cure for aids, some drug regimens (such as AZT and HAART) can help prolong survival and improve the quality of life.
anger
one of the stages of death and dying in which people feel that their prognosis is unfair, search for reasons why it happened, and express negative emotions, such as anger, rage, envy, and resenment.
appriasal delay
the dealy from when people experience–and notice–some type of symptoms to when they decide that they are ill.
assisted suicide
helping a person to kill himself or herself, such as by providing the means to accomplish this task
bargaining
a stage in the stages of death and dying in which people attempt to trade good behavior for good health, and thus delay the inevitable
behavrioal (or utlization) delay
a delay in the time it takes people to decide to actually get help from a professional after they realize they are ill and in need of medical help
bereavement
the period of grief and mourning after a death
burnout
the experience of long-term exhaustion and diminished interest
Cancer
an uncontrollable growth and spread of abnormal cells, which fomr tumors. Benign tumors consist of cells that are relatively typical of the nerby cells and grow relatively slowly. On the other hand, malignant tumors (which are commonly called cancers) consist of cells that are different from their surrounding cells and grow rapidly. Malignant tumors often grow beyond their originical location and invade other body organs (metastasize), spreading cnacer throughout the body.
Chronic Diseases
a condition that often has multiple causes, including people’s behavioral choices or lifestyles, and a slow onset and increase over time. Chronic conditions can only be managed; although people with a chronic disease sometimes get wrose and sometimes stay the same, they can’t be cured.
Coronary heart disease
a chronic disease in which the arteries become narrowed or clogged, due to atherosclerosis or arterisclerosis. Coronary heart disease is the leading cuase of death in the United States
denial
the frist stage in the stages of death and dying, in which people’s initial reaction to receiving a diagnosis of a terminal illness is to deny the accuracy of this information
depression
one of the stages of death and dying in which people have a feeling of anticipatory greif and greif about the upcoming losses he or she will experience in death
disease model
a theory of behavior that describes addiction as caused primarily by internal physiological forces, such as cravings, urges, and compulsions, and hence the “addict” is unable to voluntarily control his/her behavior
emotional appeals
a type of persuasive message designed to elicit and emotional reaction, such asfear or happiness
emotion–focused coping
a type of coping that focuses on managing the emotional affects of a stressful situation. This strategy could include a number of different approaches, including simply not thinking about the problem (E.G., denial or avoidance) as well as venting about the problem to others (e.g., seeking social support).
fear-based appeals
a type of persuasive message designed to elicit fear and anxiety, which in turn may lead to attitude and behavior change.
grief
the feelings caused by bereavement followingthe loss of a loved one
health behavior
behavrios designed to promote a person’s good helath and prevent illness. This type of behavior could include exercising regularly, wearing a seat belt, and getting immunizations to prevent disease
health maintenance organization (HMO)
a common type of health-care plan in which an employer or an employee pays a set fee every month and in turn has unlimited access to medical care (at either no cost or a greatly reduced cost). In some cases, HMOs requrie patients to see their own staff, whereas in other systems patients can choose from among a group of medical professionals who have all agreed to accept a specified payment for their services (preferred provider organziation). HMOs assign people to a primary-care physican, who manages their care and must refer to specialists.
