Test 2 Biology Flashcards
Chapters 40, 41, 42, 43 (282 cards)
1
Q
A few types of closely associated cell that are adapted to carry out specific functions are
A
Tissues
2
Q
A neuron which conducts an impulse to an effect or muscle is
A
An effector neuron (the motor union)
3
Q
Epithelial tissue that consists of two or more layers of cells and functions in protection is
A
Stratified tissue (stratified squamous epithelium, skin)
4
Q
Muscle which is under involuntary control is
A
cardiac muscle/smooth muscle
5
Q
Muscle that is under voluntary or conscious control is
A
skeletal muscle
6
Q
Epithelial glands that secrete products such as mucous, saliva, milk, oil or wax , through a duct are
A
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
7
Q
Type of connnective fivers that provide strngth
A
Reticular Fibers
8
Q
Blood
A
A connective tissue in which the matrix is a liquid and its called plasma
9
Q
Epithelial glands that secrete prducts, such as thryoxin, GH etc. directly into the lymph fuild without the usage of a duct are
A
Pancreatic glands
10
Q
The four major categories of tissues are
A
epithelial, muscle, nerve, and connective tissue
11
Q
Which of the following results in long term immunity?
A
The administration of the chickenpox vaccine.
12
Q
Which of the following engulf foreign cells?
A
Macrophage
13
Q
Which of the following is a nonspecific defense against pathogens?
A
Skin and The Inflammatory Response.
14
Q
The redness and swelling associated with the inflammatory response is caused by
A
expansion of local blood vessels.
15
Q
The stomach is involved in defense against infection by
A
Possessing acid that destroys potential pathogens that are swallowed.
16
Q
The first line of defense against infection includes
A
Skin
17
Q
Marker proteins (MHC) on the surface of cells
A
act as identity tags, and are coded for by a series of 6 gene pairs on #5 homologous chromosomes. (not 100% sure if anyone does know please tell.)
18
Q
Molecules that can be recognized by white blood cells and that trigger a defensive response are known as
A
Antigens
19
Q
B cells
A
Differentiate into memory cells which may circulate through the body for many years, differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies, and are stimulated by helper T cells.
20
Q
Once stimulated by antigens on the surface of macrophages, helper T cells may
A
Stimulate B cells to divide and develop into plasma cells.
21
Q
Killer T cells recognize cells that have been infected by viruses
A
because the infected cells have viral proteins on their surface.
22
Q
Active immunity may be acquired by
A
exposure to pathogen and vaccination.
23
Q
Passive immunity may be acquired temporarily
A
through the maternal blood supply via the placenta, horse serum, and in the mother’s milk.
24
Q
An antigen is
A
a foreign molecule that evokes a specific response by a lymphocyte.
25
How do memory cells differ from effector cells?
Memory cells live longer.
26
During a secondary immune response
the generation of effector cells begins with memory cells produced during the primary immune response.
27
Tissues are typed before an organ transplant to make sure that the
MHC (major histocompatibility complex) proteins match.
28
A vaccine contains
inactivated disease-causing microbes.
29
When you are immune to a disease
certain lymphocytes are able to make the proper antibodies quickly.
30
In a series of immune system experiments, the thymus glands were removed from baby mice. Which of the following would you predict as a likely result?
The mice readily accepted tissue transplants.
31
What do the antibodies secreted by plasma cells (the effector cells of humoral immunity) do to attack their targets?
Prevent them from penetrating and infecting cells, target them so that phagocytes can ingest them, cause antigen molecules to settle out of solution, and attach to antigens and detoxify them.
32
You and a friend are in line for a movie when you notice the woman in front of you sneezing and coughing. Both of you have been equally exposed to the woman’s virus, but over the next few days, only your friend acquires flu like symptoms and is ill for almost a week before recovering. Which one of the following is a logical explanation for this?
You have acquired immunity to that virus.
33
Mast cells both constrict and dilate blood vessels and injury. Which of the following best explains why both of these events occurs shortly after tissue is damaged?
Mast cells release chemical messengers, one that causes constriction in the region of blood flow, and another that causes dilation away from from the injury to promote healing.
34
What do macrophages and neutrophils have in common?
Both ingest, phagocytosis, and kill bacteria
35
Which of the following is crucial to activation of the acquired immune response?
Presentation of the MHC-antigen complex on a cell surface.
36
Which of the following is true of the humoral or antibody mediated response but not true of the cell mediated response?
Uses antibodies as its main weapon.
37
CD8+ T cell differentiate into?
| CD4+ T cells differentiate?
CD8+ T cell differentiate into cytotoxic or killer T cells while CD4+ T cells differentiate into helper T cells.
38
cause of stomach ulcers
Helicobacter pylori
39
Animals that feed on both plants and animals are called
omnivores
40
Animals that eat only plants are called
herbivores
41
Animals that eat only other animals are called
carnivores
42
Fats are emulsified in the duodenum by
bile (stored in gallbladder)
43
The duodenum is slightly basic because the pancreas secretes
sodium bicarbonate which helps to neutralize the highly acidic chyme.
44
The quickest most readily available source of energy is
ATP (glucose)
45
Salivary amylase is
an enzyme that breaks down food into maltose, is the first step in the digestion of carbohydrates, and is produced in the salivary glands
46
The tongue manipulates the food and forms a ball of food called
bolus
47
The food is prevented from entering the trachea by
Epiglottis
48
The movement of food through the esophagus is due to rhythmic contraction of smooth muscles and is called
peristalis
49
After mixing with food, the pH of the stomach is
acidic/2.0
50
The full stomach is about the size of a football and holds
2 liters of food,and hydrochloric acid.
51
The high acidity in the stomach
helps break down food, kills bacteria and pathogens, and is the result of the secretion of hydrochloric acid by parietal cells.
52
The muscle that controls the flow of food from the stomach into the intestine is
Pyloric sphincter
53
The primary function of the duodenum
absorption of iron and where most chemical digestion takes place.
54
The primary function of the jejunum and ileum
Jejunum is absorption of carbohydrates and proteins and ileum to absorb vitamin B12 and bile salts and whatever products of digestion that were not absorbed by the jejunum.
55
salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase.
Breakdown of carbohydrates
56
pepsin, trypsin, chemotrypsin,carboxopeptidase
Breakdown of proteins
57
ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease-
digestion of nucleic acids, in small intestine.
58
lipase-
hydrolizes lipids in small intestine. (digestion of lipids).
59
cholesterol-
digestion of esterase
60
Imagine that you have eaten a meal containing the following nutrients. Which would not have to be digested before being absorbed
Amino Acids
61
The force driving simple diffusion is
concentration gradient
62
Gallstone surgery sometimes requires that the gallbladder be removed. Patients are then advised to avoid ingesting large amounts of fat because
the gallbladder stores bile, releasing it when necessary
63
The cardiac sphincter surrounds the cardiac orifice. If this sphincter failed to properly constrict, there might be a problem with
regurgitation of food into the esophagus
64
Which of the following is a digestive enzyme that is present in children but less abundant or absent in adults
Lactase
65
Digestion of food is an example of
hydrolysis
66
Protein digestion begins where?
Stomach
67
Why did scientists originally hypothesize that proteolytic enzymes like pepsin and trypsin are secreted in an inactive form?
These proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the tissues that synthesize them
68
Which cells release hydrochloric acid to make an acidic environment?
Parietal cells
69
The primary functions of the small intestine are
chemical digestion & absorption of nutrients
70
Animals with separate openings for taking in food and expelling wastes and with specialization of parts have
complete digestive system
71
Animals with a single opening which serves to take in food and expel wastes and lacking specialized parts have
incomplete digestive system
72
Which tissues produce voluntary body movements?
Skeletal muscle tissues
73
Neurons are specialized cells characteristic of
nervous tissue
74
Microscopic analysis of an unknown tissue sample reveals the presence of chondrocytes, indicating that the sample is
cartilaginous.
75
Bone tissue does not show which correlations between structure and function?
Its cells are not packed tightly together.
76
Which levels of structure encompasses all the others?
Organism/ organ system
77
List the following in the correct hierarchical order?
organ system. . . tissue. . . organ … cell. Cell, tissue, organ, organ system.
78
The connection between structure and ______ is a basic concept of biology.
Function
79
Stratified squamous epithelium is well suited for
lining surfaces subject to abrasion
80
A main function of most types of epithelial tissue is
covering surfaces (Keep inside material away from external )
81
Which of the following is not a type of connective tissue?
Cardiac
82
Which tissue stores fat in the body?
Adipose tissues
83
What kind of connective tissue has a liquid matrix?
Blood
84
Connective tissue is different from the other major tissue types in that
the cells are sparsely scattered through a nonliving matrix
85
The main function of muscle tissue is
Contraction(movement)
86
Which type of tissue forms a communication and coordination system within the body?
Nerve tissue
87
What structures best represent an adaptation to increase the surface-to-volume ratio?
The alveoli of the lungs, the villi and microvilli in the intestine
88
The hollow central portion or interior sack like structure in a cell is the
Lumen
89
The cell surface that faces towards the lumen is the
apical surface
90
The cell surface that faces away from the lumen is the
basolateral surface
91
Which of the following represents the correct pathway that water and nutrients travel during absorption.
Lumen, apical membrane, cytoplasm, basolateral membrane, circulatory system
92
Epithelial tissues have a short lifespan because of exposure on the apical side, which is the most likely reason that as a whole it does not wear away despite the short lifespan of its cells?
The tissue has cells that actively undergo mitosis and cytokinesis to replace the lost cells
93
The force driving simple diffusion is
concentration gradient.
94
An iron-containing molecule in red blood cells is called
hemoglobin
95
Gas exchange takes place by the physical process
diffusion
96
Alveoli in lungs, villi and micovilli in intesitines, and gill lamellae in fish all
increase the surface area available for absorbtion
97
A break down in alveoli of the lungs and therefore a decrease in surface area results in
emphysema, reduced oxygen absorbtion, need for a supplementary source of oxygen in severe cases
98
The muscle responsible for inhalation and exhalation in the lungs and which divides the body into the thoracic and abdominal regions is
diaphragm
99
Functions of the Nasal Cavity include
filtering air, moistening air, moderating temperature, and is an immune response to pathogens
100
The glottis, trachea entrance, is protected from the entry of food by
epiglottis
101
Countercurrent exchange in the gills of a fish
maintains a gradient that enhances diffusion
102
The vertebrate lung first evolved in
bony fish (class Osteichthyes) & response to low oxygen content of shallow warm, freshwater
103
In a fish blood circulates through _________, in mammals it circulates through ________.
1 circuit
| 2 circuits
104
Similar in function to gill lamellae of a fish?
Alveoli
105
Cigarette smoking is linked to
asthma, lung cancer, emphysema, reduced oxygen absorbtion, need for supplementary source of oxygen in severe cases
106
Material filtered from the blood by the filtering unit of the nephron include
toxins, nitrogenous or metabolic wastes, water
107
Vessels that return blood to the heart
Veins
108
Vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Arteries
109
Vessels that exchange materials with tissue fluids
Capillaries
110
The strongest vessels which are able to expand and constrict
Arteries
111
Small arteries whose constriction can be regulated by the nervous system
Arterioles
112
Extremely narrow microscopic tube having a wall composed of only one layer of cells
Capillaries
113
Thinner walled vessels containing valves to prevent backflow of the
Vein
114
Deoxygenated blood returning to the heart enters the
Right Atrium
115
Blood is pumped out through the pulmonary trunk by
Right Ventricle
116
Blood returns from the lungs to the
Left Atrium
117
Erythrocytes are
Red Blood Cells, have no nucleus, no organelles, cannot reproduce themselves, live an average of 120 days, are packed with molecule of hemoglobin to carry oxygen
118
A condition in which there are fewer erythrocytes than normal
is Anemia
119
Deoxygenated blood returning to the heart enters from
the superior or inferior vena cava
120
Blood is pumped out of the left ventricle into the
Aorta
121
Blood returns from the lungs
via the pulmonary veins
122
The valves that prevent backflow of blood in the heart are
the left and right (AV) valves and tricuspid/bicuspid (mitral) valve
123
17 A leaky valve is called :
heart murmur
124
The contraction of the heart is called:
systole
125
Blood pressure is higher in the veins than in the arteries.
B False
126
The pulmonary veins carry deoxygenated blood.
B False
127
Dissolved nutrients are transported by blood plasma.
A True
128
Leukocytes are more numerous than erythrocytes.
B False
129
Platelets play a role in blood clotting.
A True
130
Cardiovascular disease accounts for more deaths in the U.S. than cancer and accidents combined.
B False
131
Cholesterol-LDL(low density lipoproteins) combination triggers arteriosclerosis.
A True
132
An iron-containing molecule in red blood cells is called
Hemoglobin
133
Trace a drop of blood through the circulatory system
It flows into the heart through the superior and inferior vena cava into the right atrium, thorugh the tricuspid valve into the right ventricule through the pulmunic valve into the pulmanary trunk and into the pulmunary arteries and into the lungs then through the pulmunary veins into the left atrium through the bicuspid valve and into the left ventricle and into the aorta through the aortic valve, and finally to the rest of the body.
134
What would help you in your quest to develop cardiovascular disease
smoking
135
In a fish, blood circulates through ______, while in a mammal, it circulates through _______.
One circuit
| two circuits
136
Heart valves function to
keep blood moving forward through the heart
137
What is atherosclerosis
the build up of lipids along the inside of heart vessels
138
What is the physiological cause of a heart attack?
A blockage of one or more coronary arteries as a result of plaque build up from LDL’s and possible calcium deposits
139
A circulatory system in which the blood is always contained within the blood vessels is
closed circulatory system
140
A circulatory system in which the blood empties into cavities or sinuses is
open circulatory system
141
The primary sealants that plug leaks in blood vessels are
platelets and fibrin
142
A few types of closely associated cell that are adapted to carry out specific functions are
Tissues
143
A neuron which conducts an impulse to an effect or muscle is
An effector neuron (the motor union)
144
Epithelial tissue that consists of two or more layers of cells and functions in protection is
Stratified tissue (stratified squamous epithelium, skin)
145
Muscle which is under involuntary control is
cardiac muscle/smooth muscle
146
Muscle that is under voluntary or conscious control is
skeletal muscle
147
Epithelial glands that secrete products such as mucous, saliva, milk, oil or wax , through a duct are
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
148
Type of connnective fivers that provide strngth
Reticular Fibers
149
Blood
A connective tissue in which the matrix is a liquid and its called plasma
150
Epithelial glands that secrete prducts, such as thryoxin, GH etc. directly into the lymph fuild without the usage of a duct are
Pancreatic glands
151
The four major categories of tissues are
epithelial, muscle, nerve, and connective tissue
152
Which of the following results in long term immunity?
The administration of the chickenpox vaccine.
153
Which of the following engulf foreign cells?
Macrophage
154
Which of the following is a nonspecific defense against pathogens?
Skin and The Inflammatory Response.
155
The redness and swelling associated with the inflammatory response is caused by
expansion of local blood vessels.
156
The stomach is involved in defense against infection by
Possessing acid that destroys potential pathogens that are swallowed.
157
The first line of defense against infection includes
Skin
158
Marker proteins (MHC) on the surface of cells
act as identity tags, and are coded for by a series of 6 gene pairs on #5 homologous chromosomes. (not 100% sure if anyone does know please tell.)
159
Molecules that can be recognized by white blood cells and that trigger a defensive response are known as
Antigens
160
B cells
Differentiate into memory cells which may circulate through the body for many years, differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies, and are stimulated by helper T cells.
161
Once stimulated by antigens on the surface of macrophages, helper T cells may
Stimulate B cells to divide and develop into plasma cells.
162
Killer T cells recognize cells that have been infected by viruses
because the infected cells have viral proteins on their surface.
163
Active immunity may be acquired by
exposure to pathogen and vaccination.
164
Passive immunity may be acquired temporarily
through the maternal blood supply via the placenta, horse serum, and in the mother’s milk.
165
An antigen is
a foreign molecule that evokes a specific response by a lymphocyte.
166
How do memory cells differ from effector cells?
Memory cells live longer.
167
During a secondary immune response
the generation of effector cells begins with memory cells produced during the primary immune response.
168
Tissues are typed before an organ transplant to make sure that the
MHC (major histocompatibility complex) proteins match.
169
A vaccine contains
inactivated disease-causing microbes.
170
When you are immune to a disease
certain lymphocytes are able to make the proper antibodies quickly.
171
In a series of immune system experiments, the thymus glands were removed from baby mice. Which of the following would you predict as a likely result?
The mice readily accepted tissue transplants.
172
What do the antibodies secreted by plasma cells (the effector cells of humoral immunity) do to attack their targets?
Prevent them from penetrating and infecting cells, target them so that phagocytes can ingest them, cause antigen molecules to settle out of solution, and attach to antigens and detoxify them.
173
You and a friend are in line for a movie when you notice the woman in front of you sneezing and coughing. Both of you have been equally exposed to the woman’s virus, but over the next few days, only your friend acquires flu like symptoms and is ill for almost a week before recovering. Which one of the following is a logical explanation for this?
You and a friend are in line for a movie when you notice the woman in front of you sneezing and coughing. Both of you have been equally exposed to the woman’s virus, but over the next few days, only your friend acquires flu like symptoms and is ill for almost a week before recovering. Which one of the following is a logical explanation for this?
174
You and a friend are in line for a movie when you notice the woman in front of you sneezing and coughing. Both of you have been equally exposed to the woman’s virus, but over the next few days, only your friend acquires flu like symptoms and is ill for almost a week before recovering. Which one of the following is a logical explanation for this?
You and a friend are in line for a movie when you notice the woman in front of you sneezing and coughing. Both of you have been equally exposed to the woman’s virus, but over the next few days, only your friend acquires flu like symptoms and is ill for almost a week before recovering. Which one of the following is a logical explanation for this?
175
You and a friend are in line for a movie when you notice the woman in front of you sneezing and coughing. Both of you have been equally exposed to the woman’s virus, but over the next few days, only your friend acquires flu like symptoms and is ill for almost a week before recovering. Which one of the following is a logical explanation for this?
You and a friend are in line for a movie when you notice the woman in front of you sneezing and coughing. Both of you have been equally exposed to the woman’s virus, but over the next few days, only your friend acquires flu like symptoms and is ill for almost a week before recovering. Which one of the following is a logical explanation for this?
176
Which of the following is crucial to activation of the acquired immune response?
Presentation of the MHC-antigen complex on a cell surface.
177
Which of the following is true of the humoral or antibody mediated response but not true of the cell mediated response?
Uses antibodies as its main weapon.
178
CD8+ T cell differentiate into?
| CD4+ T cells differentiate?
CD8+ T cell differentiate into cytotoxic or killer T cells while CD4+ T cells differentiate into helper T cells.
179
cause of stomach ulcers
Helicobacter pylori
180
Animals that feed on both plants and animals are called
omnivores
181
Animals that eat only plants are called
herbivores
182
Animals that eat only other animals are called
carnivores
183
Fats are emulsified in the duodenum by
bile (stored in gallbladder)
184
The duodenum is slightly basic because the pancreas secretes
sodium bicarbonate which helps to neutralize the highly acidic chyme.
185
The quickest most readily available source of energy is
ATP (glucose)
186
Salivary amylase is
an enzyme that breaks down food into maltose, is the first step in the digestion of carbohydrates, and is produced in the salivary glands
187
The tongue manipulates the food and forms a ball of food called
bolus
188
The food is prevented from entering the trachea by
Epiglottis
189
The movement of food through the esophagus is due to rhythmic contraction of smooth muscles and is called
peristalis
190
After mixing with food, the pH of the stomach is
acidic/2.0
191
The full stomach is about the size of a football and holds
2 liters of food,and hydrochloric acid.
192
The high acidity in the stomach
helps break down food, kills bacteria and pathogens, and is the result of the secretion of hydrochloric acid by parietal cells.
193
The muscle that controls the flow of food from the stomach into the intestine is
Pyloric sphincter
194
The primary function of the duodenum
absorption of iron and where most chemical digestion takes place.
195
The primary function of the jejunum and ileum
Jejunum is absorption of carbohydrates and proteins and ileum to absorb vitamin B12 and bile salts and whatever products of digestion that were not absorbed by the jejunum.
196
salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase.
salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase.
197
pepsin, trypsin, chemotrypsin,carboxopeptidase
pepsin, trypsin, chemotrypsin,carboxopeptidase
198
ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease-
digestion of nucleic acids, in small intestine.
199
lipase-
hydrolizes lipids in small intestine. (digestion of lipids).
200
cholesterol-
digestion of esterase
201
Imagine that you have eaten a meal containing the following nutrients. Which would not have to be digested before being absorbed
Amino Acids
202
The force driving simple diffusion is
concentration gradient
203
Gallstone surgery sometimes requires that the gallbladder be removed. Patients are then advised to avoid ingesting large amounts of fat because
the gallbladder stores bile, releasing it when necessary
204
The cardiac sphincter surrounds the cardiac orifice. If this sphincter failed to properly constrict, there might be a problem with
regurgitation of food into the esophagus
205
Which of the following is a digestive enzyme that is present in children but less abundant or absent in adults
Lactase
206
Digestion of food is an example of
hydrolysis
207
Protein digestion begins where?
Stomach
208
Why did scientists originally hypothesize that proteolytic enzymes like pepsin and trypsin are secreted in an inactive form?
These proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the tissues that synthesize them
209
Which cells release hydrochloric acid to make an acidic environment?
Parietal cells
210
The primary functions of the small intestine are
chemical digestion & absorption of nutrients
211
Animals with separate openings for taking in food and expelling wastes and with specialization of parts have
complete digestive system
212
Animals with a single opening which serves to take in food and expel wastes and lacking specialized parts have
incomplete digestive system
213
Which tissues produce voluntary body movements?
Skeletal muscle tissues
214
Neurons are specialized cells characteristic of
nervous tissue
215
Microscopic analysis of an unknown tissue sample reveals the presence of chondrocytes, indicating that the sample is
cartilaginous.
216
Bone tissue does not show which correlations between structure and function?
Its cells are packed tightly together.
217
Which levels of structure encompasses all the others?
Organ system
218
List the following in the correct hierarchical order?
organ system. . . tissue. . . organ … cell. Cell, tissue, organ, organ system.
219
The connection between structure and ______ is a basic concept of biology.
Function
220
Stratified squamous epithelium is well suited for
lining surfaces subject to abrasion
221
A main function of most types of epithelial tissue is
covering surfaces (Keep inside material away from external )
222
Which of the following is not a type of connective tissue?
Cardiac
223
Which tissue stores fat in the body?
Adipose tissues
224
What kind of connective tissue has a liquid matrix?
Blood
225
Connective tissue is different from the other major tissue types in that
the cells are sparsely scattered through a nonliving matrix
226
The main function of muscle tissue is
Contraction(movement)
227
Which type of tissue forms a communication and coordination system within the body?
Nerve tissue
228
What structures best represent an adaptation to increase the surface-to-volume ratio?
The alveoli of the lungs, the villi and microvilli in the intestine
229
The hollow central portion or interior sack like structure in a cell is the
Lumen
230
The cell surface that faces towards the lumen is the
apical surface
231
The cell surface that faces away from the lumen is the
basolateral surface
232
Which of the following represents the correct pathway that water and nutrients travel during absorption.
Lumen, apical membrane, cytoplasm, basolateral membrane, circulatory system
233
Epithelial tissues have a short lifespan because of exposure on the apical side, which is the most likely reason that as a whole it does not wear away despite the short lifespan of its cells?
The tissue has cells that actively undergo mitosis and cytokinesis to replace the lost cells
234
The force driving simple diffusion is
concentration gradient.
235
An iron-containing molecule in red blood cells is called
hemoglobin
236
Gas exchange takes place by the physical process
diffusion
237
Alveoli in lungs, villi and micovilli in intesitines, and gill lamellae in fish all
increase the surface area available for absorbtion
238
A break down in alveoli of the lungs and therefore a decrease in surface area results in
emphysema, reduced oxygen absorbtion, need for a supplementary source of oxygen in severe cases
239
The muscle responsible for inhalation and exhalation in the lungs and which divides the body into the thoracic and abdominal regions is
diaphragm
240
Functions of the Nasal Cavity include
filtering air, moistening air, moderating temperature, and is an immune response to pathogens
241
The glottis, trachea entrance, is protected from the entry of food by
epiglottis
242
Countercurrent exchange in the gills of a fish
maintains a gradient that enhances diffusion
243
The vertebrate lung first evolved in
bony fish (class Osteichthyes) & response to low oxygen content of shallow warm, freshwater
244
In a fish blood circulates through _________, in mammals it circulates through ________.
1 circuit
| 2 circuits
245
Similar in function to gill lamellae of a fish?
Alveoli
246
Cigarette smoking is linked to
asthma, lung cancer, emphysema, reduced oxygen absorbtion, need for supplementary source of oxygen in severe cases
247
Material filtered from the blood by the filtering unit of the nephron include
toxins, nitrogenous or metabolic wastes, water
248
Vessels that return blood to the heart
Veins
249
Vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Arteries
250
Vessels that exchange materials with tissue fluids
Capillaries
251
The strongest vessels which are able to expand and constrict
Arteries
252
Small arteries whose constriction can be regulated by the nervous system
Arterioles
253
Extremely narrow microscopic tube having a wall composed of only one layer of cells
Capillaries
254
Thinner walled vessels containing valves to prevent backflow of the
Vein
255
Deoxygenated blood returning to the heart enters the
Right Atrium
256
Blood is pumped out through the pulmonary trunk by
Right Ventricle
257
Blood returns from the lungs to the
Left Atrium
258
Erythrocytes are
Red Blood Cells, have no nucleus, no organelles, cannot reproduce themselves, live an average of 120 days, are packed with molecule of hemoglobin to carry oxygen
259
A condition in which there are fewer erythrocytes than normal
is Anemia
260
Deoxygenated blood returning to the heart enters from
the superior or inferior vena cava
261
Blood is pumped out of the left ventricle into the
Aorta
262
Blood returns from the lungs
via the pulmonary veins
263
The valves that prevent backflow of blood in the heart are
the left and right (AV) valves and tricuspid/bicuspid (mitral) valve
264
17 A leaky valve is called :
heart murmur
265
The contraction of the heart is called:
systole
266
Blood pressure is higher in the veins than in the arteries.
B False
267
The pulmonary veins carry deoxygenated blood.
B False
268
Dissolved nutrients are transported by blood plasma.
A True
269
Leukocytes are more numerous than erythrocytes.
B False
270
Platelets play a role in blood clotting.
A True
271
Cardiovascular disease accounts for more deaths in the U.S. than cancer and accidents combined.
B False
272
Cholesterol-LDL(low density lipoproteins) combination triggers arteriosclerosis.
A True
273
An iron-containing molecule in red blood cells is called
Hemoglobin
274
Trace a drop of blood through the circulatory system
It flows into the heart through the superior and inferior vena cava into the right atrium, thorugh the tricuspid valve into the right ventricule through the pulmunic valve into the pulmanary trunk and into the pulmunary arteries and into the lungs then through the pulmunary veins into the left atrium through the bicuspid valve and into the left ventricle and into the aorta through the aortic valve, and finally to the rest of the body.
275
What would help you in your quest to develop cardiovascular disease
smoking
276
In a fish, blood circulates through ______, while in a mammal, it circulates through _______.
One circuit
| two circuits
277
Heart valves function to
keep blood moving forward through the heart
278
What is atherosclerosis
the build up of lipids along the inside of heart vessels
279
What is the physiological cause of a heart attack?
A blockage of one or more coronary arteries as a result of plaque build up from LDL’s and possible calcium deposits
280
A circulatory system in which the blood is always contained within the blood vessels is
closed circulatory system
281
A circulatory system in which the blood empties into cavities or sinuses is
open circulatory system
282
The primary sealants that plug leaks in blood vessels are
platelets and fibrin
