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mrcog part 1 > Revision notes: 2. Embryology > Flashcards

Revision notes: 2. Embryology Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

Name for 16 cell zygote

A

Morula

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2
Q

Syncitiotrophoblast secretes?

A

hCG

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3
Q

Process involving formation of 3 germ layers

A

gastrulation
occurs in 3rd week of development

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4
Q

Ectoderm forms

A

epidermis
nervous system

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5
Q

mesoderm forms

A

muscles
skeletal system
connective tissues

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6
Q

endoderm forms

A

GIT
respiratory tract
endocrine glands
auditory system
urinary system

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7
Q

At what stage does the embryo obtain nutrient from maternal blood via uteroplacental circulation

A

Day 12

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8
Q

primary chorionic villi formed from

A

cytotrophoblasts

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9
Q

neural plate formed at day

A

day 18

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10
Q

primitive heart tube formed at

A

day 20

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11
Q

1st pharyngeal arch

A

Trigeminal nerve

Muscles of mastication

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12
Q

2nd pharyngeal arch

A

Facial nerve (VII)

Muscles of facial expression

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13
Q

3rd pharyngeal arch

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Muscle: stylopharyngeus

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14
Q

4th and 6th pharyngeal arch

A

Vagus nerve

4th arch: cricothyroid, pharyngeal

6th arch: muscles of larynx and oesophagus

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15
Q

Diagram of pharyngeal arches

A
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16
Q

Which structure is primary mechanism for shunting blood away from foetal pulmonary circulation

A

Foramen Ovale

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17
Q

Which structures develop from mesodermal somites

A

Dermis - dermatomes

Skeletal mucsle - myotomes

Tendons and cartilage - syndetomes

Bone - sclerotomes

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18
Q

Another name for paramesonephric ducts

A

Mullerian ducts

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19
Q

A bicornuate uterus is due to what?

A

Abnormal fusion and reabsorption of mullerian ducts

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20
Q

Which structure forms the kidney

A

metanephros

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21
Q

Mechanism of closure of ductus arteriosus

A

1st breath leading to inc arterial PO2

Increased bradykinin from lungs, stimulating smooth muscle constriction of ductus

DROP in prostaglandin E2

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22
Q

What percentage of people have a Meckel’s diverticulum

A

2%

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23
Q

Most potent prostaglandin for maintaining patency of DA during pregnancy

A

Prostaglandin E2

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24
Q

Somites are derived from which germ layer

A

Para-axial mesoderm

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25
Diagram of spermatogenesis
26
In non-pregnant state, which hormones does the corpus luteum secrete
Progesterone (17a hydroxyprogesterone) Oestradiol Inhibin A
27
Which germ layer does the myenteric plexus of the GI tract develop
Neural crest of ectoderm
28
At term the placenta receives what percentage of uterine blood flow
90%
29
All hindgut structures are innervated by
T12/L1
30
Mullerian agensis otherwise known as
Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome
31
Rathke pouch forms what
Adenohypophysis of pituitary gland i.e. anterior pituitary
32
Kidney develops from which germ layer
Intermediate mesoderm
33
When does meconium first appear in fetal terminal ileum
10-16 weeks gestation
34
Primary site of prostaglandin E2 production
All cells tbh, but placenta and ductus arteriosus have particularly high quanitities of COX enzyme isoforms required for PGE2 synthesis
35
How many days post fertilisation does the blastocyst enter uterine cavity
4
36
Kidney forms from the
Metanephric mesoderm
37
Metanephros is functional from week?
10
38
Which vessel obstructs ascent of kidney leading to horseshoe kidney
Inferior mesenteric artery
39
Embryological origin of Allantois
Endoderm
40
Embrylogical origin of distal 1/3rd of anal canal
Ectoderm of Cloaca The Pectinate or Dentate line marks junction
41
Which part of the placenta is in contact with maternal blood
Syncitiotrophoblast
42
The collecting tubules of the kidney develop from
Metanephric mesoderm
43
The liver and biliary tree develop from the
Distal Foregut Endoderm The liver develops as an outgrowth of the endoderm of the distal foregut, as does the gall bladder, bile and cystic ducts.
44
Gartner's cyst - embryological origin
Mesonephric duct
45
The round ligament is a remnant of the
Gubernaculum
46
The inner cell mass differentiates into
Epiblast and hypoblast Becomes bilaminar disc
47
Primary chorionic villi form from the
cytotrophoblasts
48
Primitive heart tube forms at day
20
49
Intra-embryonic mesoderm forms from the
Ectoderm
50
Para-axial mesoderm forms
somites
51
Intermediate mesoderm forms
Urogenital system
52
Lateral plate mesoderm forms
Somatic and splanchnic mesoderm
53
Intra-embryonic coelom forms
Pericardial cavity Pleural cavity Peritoneal cavity
54
Maternal parts of the placenta are derived from
Decidua Basalis
55
Which villi contain blood vessels
Tertiary chorionic villi
56
Placenta increta meaning
Invades myometrium but has not breached uterine serosa
57
placentra percreta meaning
Has breached uterus serosa
58
which intervertebral disc component is formed form the notocord?
nucleus pulposus
59
Bartholin's glands - embryonic origin
Urogenital sinus
60
Paramesonephric duct in females (otherwise known as mullerian duct)
Forms: Uterovaginal canal (uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, upper half of vagina), broad ligament
61
Penile urethra forms from
Cloacal fold
62
The obliterated umbilical vein becomes the
ligamentum teres
63
Whenever the intestinal midgut loop fails to return from the umbilical cord into the abdominal cavity, the defect is known as
Exomphalos
64
Gastroschisis is distinguishable from exomphalos in that exomphalos
Is covered by peritoneum and amnion
65
Which part of the female urogenital system is described as the Vestibule?
Area between labia minora
66
Which molecule plays an important role in capacitation?
Heparin
67
What are the components of Placental barrier at term?
Syncitiotrophoblast and Endothelium
68
How many oocytes are available at the time of puberty?
400,000
69
The intraembryonic coelom forms within which structure?
Lateral plate mesoderm
70
At what age does meconium appear in Fetal terminal ilium
10-16 weeks
71
Which structure is the origin of the vas deferens
Mesonephric duct
72
Thyroid cartilage and cricothyroid muscle develop from which Pharyngeal Arch
4th arch
73
External Carotid artery develops from the
1st pharyngeal arch
74
Common and internal carotid artery develop from the
3rd pharyngeal arch
75
Morula forms on day what after fertilisation
Day 4
76
The 7th cranial nerve develops from which pharyngeal arch
2nd arch
77
Intrinsic muscles of larynx form from which pharyngeal arch
6th arch
78
Subclavian artery develops from which pharyngeal arch
4th arch
79
Muscles of facial expression - which pharyngeal arch?
Muscles of facial expression
80

mrcog part 1 (14 decks)

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