Revision notes: 3. Anatomy Flashcards by Alexander Knighton

Structures at trans-pyloric plane of Addison (L1)

Pancreatic neck
duodenojejunal flexure
gall bladder fundus
9th costal cartilage
renal hilum

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What level does aorta bifurcate

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Position of umbilicus

L3-L5

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McBurney’s point

2/3rds of the way laterally between umbilicus and ASIS

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Name for lateral border of rectus abdominis

Linea semilunaris

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Palmer’s point

2/3rds laterally between umbilicus and point of intersection between costal margin of LEFT 9th rib and LEFT midclavicular line

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Arcuate line aka semicircular line of douglas

1.3rd distance pubic crest to umbilicus
Posterior to rectus abdominis muscle

Clinical significance: site of weakness in the abdominal wall

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The fusion of the abdominal wall muscle aponeuroses is called

Linea alba

xiphoid to pubic symphysis

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Blood supply of anterior abdominal wall

Inferior epigastric vessels

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Innervation of rectus abdominis

thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-T11)

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Three arteries within spermatic cord

Testicular
Vas
Cremasteric

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Three nerves in spermatic cord

Ilioinguinal
Cremasteric
Sympathetic

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Ligamentum teres is remnant of?

umbilical vein

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Boundaries of the pelvic outlet

pubic arch (ischiopubic rami)
2 * sciatic notch
coccyx

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Sensory innervation to scrotum/labia

ilioinguinal nerve

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branches of the pudendal nerve

inferior anal nerve
perineal nerve
dorsal nerve of penis/clitoris

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Ligament that connects uterus to labia majora

round ligaments

stretch during pregnancy causing groin pain

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Which artery exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen and re-enters via the lesser sciatic foramen?

Internal Pudendal artery

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contents of the broad ligament (5)

Fallopian tubes
Ovarian artery
Uterine artery
Ovarian ligament
Round ligament of uterus

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testicular cell type secreting testosterone

Leydig cells

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testicular cell type secreting inhibin

Sertoli cells

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juxtaglomerular cells secrete

renin

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The lesser omentum is divided into 4 ligaments. These are?

Hepatogastric
hepatoduodenal
hepatophrenic
hepato-oesophageal

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Contents of Glisson’s capsule (free border of lesser omentum)

portal vein
common bile duct
hepatic artery

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The greater omentum is divided into 4 ligaments. These are:

gastrocolic gastrosplenic gastrophrenic splenorenal

Endopelvic fascia gives rise to three sets of ligaments

cardinal ligaments uterosacral ligaments pubocervical ligaments They are lengthened in pelvic floor prolapse

The pelvic diaphragm is made up of which 2 muscles

levator ani coccygeus muscle

Deep perineal pouch contents

external urethral sphincter Deep transverse perineal muscle bulbourethral glands

superficial perineal pouch contents

superficial perineal muscles bulbospongiosus ischiocavernosus bartholin's glands crura of clitoris

Pepsin is secreted from

body of stomach

gastrin is secreted from

pyloric antrum

Branches of the coeliac axis

left gastric artery splenic artery hepatic artery

valvulae conniventes

small bowel

taenia coli

large bowel

Innervation of internal urethral sphincter

autonomic sympathetic control from inferior hypogastric plexus

innervation of external urethral sphincter

perineal branch of pudendal nerve

what is red degeneration of fibroid

fibroid outgrowing blood supply --\> haemorrhagic infarction USS will show localised fluid collection (blood) within fibroid

anatomy of pudendal nerve

Gives off three branches: inferior anal perineal dorsal nerve of clitoris

Levitator Ani is composed of 3 muscles:

puborectalis, pubococcygeus and iliococcygeal.

Blood supply to levator ani

inferior gluteal artery

Grades of perineal tear

Referred pain from uterine contraction: dermatome?

Labour pain is typically referred to T11 & T12 dermatomes in the early stage of labour

Which two nerves provide primary cutaneous sensory innervation to labia majora

Ilioinguinal Pudendal (--\> perineal nerve --\> posterior labial nerves)

What are the three parts of the male urethra

Prostatic Membranous (shortest, narrowest, contains external sphincter and bulbourethral glands drain into it Spongy (i.e. penile/cavernous part)

Internal anal sphincter innervation

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S4)

Lymph drainage of cervix

External iliac lymph nodes, ultimately para-aortic nodes

Ilioinguinal nerve - nerve root

Sympathetic nerve supply to the uterus

T10-L1

Lymph drainage of 1: scrotum 2. testicles

Scrotum - superficial inguinal nodes Testes - lumbar and para-aortic nodes

Ovaries - venous drainage

LEFT ovarian vein - drains into left renal vein RIGHT ovarian vein - drains into IVC

Venous drainage of the gut

Important to note Inferior mesenteric vein drains into splenic vein Superior mesenteric vein drains into hepatic portal vein

Autonomic supply to ureters

T11 - L2 Explains loin to groin pain!!

MEDIAL umbilical ligament is remnant of what structure

Fetal umbilical arteries

MEDIAN umbilical ligament is remnant of what?

Urachus - foetal canal that drains urinary bladder via umbilicus

Superior border of superficial pouch

Perineal membrane

contents of the femoral triangle

femoral sheath nerve artery vein inc SFJ Deep inguinal lymph nodes & lymphatics

lymph drainage of cervix

external iliac nodes

Ilioinguinal nerve - spinal segment

lymph drainage of ovaries

lateral aortic and pre-aortic nodes

Which three muscles form the superficial muscles of the perineum

bulbospongiosus superficial transverse perineal ischiocavernous

Sympathetic nerve supply to uterus

T10 - L1

The ureters receive autonomic supply from which spinal segments?

T11 - L2

Aorta enters the abdomen at level of

T12

appendicular artery is branch of

Posterior caecal artery

IVC pierces central tendon of diaphragm at level

T10

Renal colic - stone location on plain film xray is most likely at level of

Pelvic brim

What level does ovarian artery branch off descending aorta

What structures exist within the superficial peroneal pouch

Contains the structures forming the root of the clitoris: the bulb of the vestibule bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles; superficial transverse perineal muscle with their nerve supply (perineal branch of the pudendal nerve), blood supply (branches of the internal pudendal artery) perineal body The superficial perineal pouch is seperated from the deep perineal pouch by the **inferior fascial layer of the urogenital diaphragm.**

Bladder relaxation - storage - nerve Bladder voiding - nerve

Sympathetic L1 L2 Parasympathetic S2-S4 detrusor

Malleus and Incus of the middle ear are derived from which arch

Mesoderm of first pharyngeal arch