What is institutional care?
Children livining in an institution for a long period of time
What are people who live institutional care likely to effect by?
Privation
What is institutionalisation?
The effect of living in institutional care
Who conducted a study on English and Romanian adoptee?
Rutter et al (2011)
Who were the participants in Rutter et al (2011)?
- 165 Romanian orphans
- 111 of 165 adopted in England before age of 2
- 54 of 165 adopted in England before age of 4
- 52 British children adopted by 6 months
Who acted as a control group in Rutter et al (2011)?
52 British children adopted before the age of 6 months
At what ages were the children in the study of Rutter et al (2011) tested?
4,6,11 and 15
What types of tests were the children in the study by Rutter et al (2011) tested upon?
- Physical
- Social
- Cognitive development
What type of study was Rutter et al (2011)?
Longitudinal study
What are the effects of instutionalisation?
- Disinhibited attachment
- Damage to intellectual development
What were the finding of Rutter et al (2011)?
- 1/2 of orphans showed mental retardation
- Age 11 recovery rates were related to adoption age
- Before 6 months had mean IQ of 102
- After 6 months has mean IQ of 86
- After 2 years has mean IQ of 77
What were the children’s characteristics if adopted after after 6 months in Rutter et al (2011) study?
Clinginess, attention-seeker, and indiscriminate affection to strangers
What do the findings of Rutter et al (2011) support?
The sensitive period in development of attachment
Does not forming an attachment before the age of 6 months have a long-lasting effects?
Yes
What was the research of Zeanah et al (2005)?
Bucharest Early Intervention Project
What was the procedure of Zeanah et al (2005)?
- Used strange situation to assess attachment
- 95 children age 12 to 31 months lives in institutional care
- Compared to control group of 50 children who never have been institutional care
What are the findings of Zeanah et al (2005)?
- 19% of institutionalised group were securely
- 65% classified disorganised attachment
What is the practical application of studying Romanian orphans?
-Children’s home avoid having large number or caregivers to each child
Why does the Romanian orphan have fewer confounding variable?
- As most where abandoned at birth so most have the same/similar traumatic experience
- Increasing internal validity
What are the issues with generalising the Romanian studies?
As the situation is so bad that it may not be applicable to other situations of institutional care or just general deprivation
Why is the orphans not being randomly assigned a limitation?
As it increases the confounding variabels
Which study randomly assigned the orphans?
Zeanah et al
Does these studies learnt provide information on to the long term effects of early experience?
No, studies only go up to mid-teens
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Introductions to Attachment40
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Schaffer's Stages of Attachment19
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Animal Studies of Attachment14
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Explanation of Attachment: Learning Theory12
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Explanation of Attachment: Bowlby's Theory23
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Ainsworth's Strange Situation21
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Cultural Variations in Attachment25
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Bowlby's Theory of Maternal Deprivation33
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Romanian Orphan Studies23
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Influence of Early Attachment on Later Relationships20
