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RRD #1 Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Physiology

A

study of functions & processes that occur in body, mostly NORMAL processes

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2
Q

Pathophysiology

A

the study of the underlying changes in body physiology that result from disease or injury

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3
Q

stressors

A

challenges in the body’s balance

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4
Q

compensation

A

the return of homeostasis after being challenged by stressors (adaptations, healing)

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5
Q

glycogenolysis

A

breakdown of glycogen

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6
Q

decompensation

A

the failure to compensate

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7
Q

disease

A

a harmful condition of the body

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8
Q

disorder

A

a disturbance in the healthiness of the body

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9
Q

syndrome

A

a collection of symptoms

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10
Q

etiology

A

the cause of a disease

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11
Q

idiopathic

A

unidentifiable cause

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12
Q

iatrogenic

A

occurs as result of medical treatment

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13
Q

nosocomial

A

result as consequence of being in hospital environment

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14
Q

signs

A

manifestations that can be objectively identified

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15
Q

symptoms

A

subjectively manifestation that can only be reported by the person experiencing them

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16
Q

“shock”

A

low BP plus S&S of not getting enough blood to different parts of the body

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17
Q

prognosis

A

the predicted outcome of a dz based on certain factors

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18
Q

sequela

A

aftermath of a disease

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19
Q

gene

A

a segment of a DNA molecule that is composed of an ordered sequence of nucleotide bases

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20
Q

main function of genes

A

coding for synthesis of proteins

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21
Q

allele

A

partner genes that have the same location on each respective chromosome,code for the same trait

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22
Q

multifactorial genetic disorders

A

combination of environmental triggers and variations / mutations of genes, plus sometimes inherited tendencies

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23
Q

teratogenic/congenital defects

A

abnormalities that are either detectable at birth and/or can be attributed to fetal development “glitches”

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24
Q

ischemia

A

cells not getting enough oxygen due to circulatory malfunction

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25
ischemic pain
tissue not getting enough oxygen
26
autosomal dominant disorder
occurs when a person inherits a mutated, diseased gene that is dominant
27
recombinant DNA
a form of genetic engineering
28
hypoxia
decrease in amount of oxygen to cell or ability to use oxygen appropriately
29
sequelae of hypoxia
- deficiency of ATP for cellular functions | - altered acid/base balance (acidosis)
30
cellular metabollism for hypoxia
glycolysis
31
pH range of blood
7.35 - 7.45
32
glycogenesis
formation of glycogen from glucose/sugar
33
glycogenolysis
conversion of glycogen to glucose (back up plan #1)
34
gluconeogenesis
use of any substance besides carbohydrates for cellular energy like breaking down of fats and proteins (back up plan #2)
35
breakdown product of fats and proteins
ketones
36
"good" characteristic of ketones
can offer the body some energy - usually enough to be a "stop gap" till glucose is available
37
"bad" characteristic of ketones
- are acids (cause acidosis over time) | - can't be use by the brain
38
McArdle's disease
an autosomal recessive disease in which normal ability to breakdown glycogen (glycogenolysis) is diminished.
39
hyperketonemia
high levels of ketones in the blood
40
S&S of anemia
low ATP, low oxygenation, weakness, fatigue, and SOB
41
paresthesia
numbness & tingling or other unusual sensations, usually in legs
42
2 basic fluid compartments
extracellular and intracellular
43
hyperkalemia
higher than normal numbers of K in the blood
44
hypokalemia
lower than normal numbers of K in the blood
45
hypernatremia
higher than normal numbers of Na in the blood
46
hyponatremia
lower than normal numbers of Na in the blood
47
hypercalcemia
higher than normal Ca in the blood
48
hypocalcemia
lower than normal Ca in the blood
49
RMP of resting cell
-90mV
50
RMP of cell to "go to work"
+30mV
51
hyperpolarized state
situations in which membranes of cells have been reset to a LESS positive number than normal, lengthening the polar gap status & making them less sensitive
52
hyperpolarized mechanisms
hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypercalcemia
53
hypopolarized state
situations in which membranes of cells have been reset to a MORE positive number, shortening the polar gap status & making them more sensitive
54
hypopolarized mechanisms
hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, hypocalcemia
55
S&S of hypopolarization
- muscles that are too sensitive (hyperactive "irritable") | - muscle tics or spasms
56
S&S of hyperpolarization
- less sensitive muscles (hypoactive) | - fatigue, lethargy, mental slowness
57
metabolic acidosis
-excess accumulation of H+ in the body -not enough excretion of H+ in the urine -not enough HCO3 being made -too much HCO3 being excreted in the urine (low pH or low HCO3)
58
metabolic acidosis compensation
- via the lungs - increase the amount of CO2 is exhaled - increase the rate and depth of respirations
59
respiratory acidosis
low pH caused by a ventilation problem such as diminished effectiveness of breathing or decreased respiratory rate
60
respiratory acidosis compensation
- via the kidneys | - HCO3 production by the kidneys will be increased
61
metabolic alkalosis
- excess accumulation of HCO3 in the body - not enough excretion of HCO3 in the urine - too much H+ excreted in the urine - not enough acid being made
62
metabolic alkalosis compensation
- via the lungs | - decreased rate & depth of respirations
63
Respiratory alkalosis
state of high pH caused by hyperventilation
64
respiratory alkalosis compensation
- via the kidneys | - decreasing the amount of HCO3 made or increasing its excretion

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