RRD #4 Flashcards

Question

resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 1

new strain of strep developed that makes beta lactamase & now many ear infections are much harder to get rid of

Answer 2

hospital-associated infection,Enterococci faecalis is a normal bowel flora, but in hospitalized people (or residents of nursing homes, etc) will often migrate to urinary tract & other areas

Answer 3

-infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue

Answer 4

an organism such as Staphylococcus aureas that normally dwells on TOP of the skin, or follows a milder staph infection of the skin such as impetigo, (an eruption of blisters usually around nose & mouth that are itchy, crusty, and contagious).

Answer 5

caused by the toxin of Clostridium botulinum, a bacillus that can invade the body via food or soil -toxin heads for neuromuscular nerve synapses & blocks acetylcholine muscle receptor cells

Answer 6

is a descending, symmetric paralysis, including respiratory

Answer 7

a bacterial disease marked by rigidity and spasms of the voluntary muscles

Answer 8

caused by Clostridium tetanii, a bacillus which can live in soil as a spore à when deposited in a wound, will then germinate 2) as it becomes active, will release exotoxin tetanospasminà blocks inhibitory neurotransmitters & causes uninterrupted nerve impulses to muscle cellsà can cause jaw muscle tightening called trismus (lockjaw), or more severe tetany -- condition characterized by muscle twitching, cramps, convulsions,

Answer 9

transmitted via bite/sting /puncture of a | host creature that then transmits microscopic disease- causing organism into the new body.

Answer 10

a virus transmitted in saliva of infected host, usually by bite to the skin

Answer 11

virus travels via peripheral nervous system (PNS) to the brain & spinal cord (central nervous system -- CNS) and causes brain inflammationà leads to S&S of anxiety, agitation, confusion, convulsions

Answer 12

anxiety, agitation, confusion, convulsions, production of large amount saliva, plus dysphagia = “foaming at the mouth” & “hydrophobia” (not really a fear of water, just can’t swallow)

Answer 13

treatment needs to begin within first 14 days with postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) -- one dose of rabies immunoglobulin and five doses of rabies vaccine over first 30 days

Answer 14

caused by protozoa that is transmitted via mosquito vector

Answer 15

protozoa reproduces in liver cells (hepatocytes) and then is released into blood, where it infects RBCs & causes them to rupture (hemolysis)à as the RBCs rupture, they trigger a flooding of acute phase reactants into bloodà causes S&S

Answer 16

high fever, chills, arthralgia, anemia, splenomegaly, cerebral ischemia, heart failure

Answer 17

Rare and deadly, caused by infection with one of five Ebola virus strains. Researchers believe that the virus is animal-borne and that bats are the most likely reservoir

Answer 18

2) severe headache, rash 3) muscle pain, weakness, fatigue 4) fever > 100.4 F 5) diarrhea / vomiting, or abdominal pain 6) unexplained bleeding, bruising, or hemorrhage 7) leukopenia and thrombocytopenia

Answer 19

spread through contact with blood and other body fluids.

Answer 20

ebola virus is detected in blood only after onset of symptoms, most notably fever. May take up to three days after symptoms begin for the virus to reach detectable levels for laboratory tests and currently no vaccination or specific medication available

Answer 21

disease is caused by the Zika virus, which is spread to people primarily through the bite of an infected mosquito

Answer 22

1) people infected with Zika will have no symptoms or mild symptoms 2) fever, rash and joint pain 3) conjunctivitis (red eyes) 4) muscle pain and headache 5) Zika infection during pregnancy can cause a birth defect of the brain called microcephaly and other fetal defects 6) Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), an uncommon nervous system illness, is also very likely triggered by Zika in a small number of cases

Answer 23

spread through mosquito bites –person-to-mosquito-to-person, from a pregnant woman to her fetus, sexual transmission, or blood transfusion

Answer 24

blood or urine test can confirm a diagnosis | currently no vaccination or specific medication available

Answer 25

caused by Streptococcus pyogenesà invades via coughing, sneezing

Answer 26

red, sore throat, often white patches on tonsils

Answer 27

a fever and rash that can cover whole body

Answer 28

very contagious upper respiratory infection (URI) caused by bacterium transmitted by cough, sneeze, etc

Answer 29

sore throat, fever, pseudomembrane across tonsils & throat

Answer 30

a highly contagious disease that is one of the leading causes of vaccine preventable deaths in underdeveloped countries also known as whooping cough

Answer 31

horrible violent coughing fits that can be so bad that the person cannot eat & becomes malnourished

Answer 32

virus that invades parotid glands - swelling, fever (main complication is infertility in males)

Answer 33

an infectious viral disease causing fever and a red rash on skin "two-week measles"

Answer 34

dense red maculopapular rash starting on head & going down to body; also fever, cough, runny nose, conjunctivitis

Answer 35

a contagious viral disease with symptoms like mild measles. It can cause fetal malformation if contracted in early pregnancy "three-day measles" or "German Measles"

Answer 36

very contagious—spread via direct inhalation of virus from an infected person exhaling, sneezing, etc and manifests as vesicles (fluid-filled blisters) that begin on trunk and move outward & have different stages of development-- they appear, break, & crust in clusters at different times

Answer 37

very contagious, inhaled virus, and also manifests as vesicles, but different look & pattern than chicken pox—small pox lesions are dense clusters that are all the same stage, start in the face & extremities and move toward the trunk

Answer 38

after having chicken pox, the varicella virus remains in one’s system for life, becoming dormant in nervous system like herpes simplex

Answer 39

an acute viral illness of the upper and lower respiratory system with S&S of fever, chills, myalgia, malaise, dry cough, headaches

Answer 40

this is what infectious diarrhea is called when it is bloody & severe

Answer 41

etiology is a bacillus; most common is | shigella

Answer 42

etiology is protozoa found in water

Answer 43

unlike “regular,” non-bloody diarrhea-causing microbes, the above microbes causes damage to the mucosal surface of the gut, so the diarrhea is characterized by blood & mucous as well as pain with bowel movements—all this is due to infection & inflammation of intestinal lining

Answer 44

caused by a protozoa called giardia which is usually contracted by drinking contaminated water but then can be transmitted person-to-person by oral/fecal route

Answer 45

after ingestion, giardia adheres to intestinal wall & interferes with fat absorptionà fat goes straight into the stool.

Answer 46

caused by being on long-term antibioticsà wipes out normal gut floraà a bacteria called Clostridium difficile (AKA “C-diff”) moves in & causes an inflammatory state of the intestines (“colitis”)

RRD #4 Flashcards

(70 cards)