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Flashcards in RRD #5 Deck (33)
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1
Q

Leukemia

A

type of cancer of the hematopoietic system in which there is
uncontrolled proliferation of leukocytes, causing over-crowding of bone
marrow & decreased production of normal hematopoietic cells

2
Q

S&S of leukemia

A

leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, anemia, ease of infection bc the WBC immunocyte function is impaired

3
Q

multiple myeloma

A

a cancer of plasma cells

4
Q

pathogenesis of multiple myeloma

A

normally, plasma cells selectively produce immunoglobulins on as-needed basis with multiple myeloma, some of the plasma cells become malignant and begin overproducing causing multiple malignant tumors that increase osteoclastic
activity

5
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

enlarged lymph nodes due to local or systemic infections

6
Q

lymphoma

A

cancer in which certain lymphocytes begin to wildly proliferate, often
clumping together in tumors of the lymph nodes

7
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

a type of cancer that usually begins as
enlarged, painless mass in lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy) of neck; good
cure rates

8
Q

petechiae

A

pinpoint red spots that don’t blanche

9
Q

purpura

A

larger areas that look purplish

10
Q

ecchymosis

A

general term for collection of blood under

skin greater than~1cm

11
Q

frank bleeding

A

“obvious bleeding”

  • under the skin
  • GI bleeding
  • mucous membranes (nose bleeds)
12
Q

occult bleeding

A

“hidden bleeding”
-GI tract if the bleeding is slow &
not in areas where blood can be digested, stools may appear normal but
actually have blood in them

13
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

deficient platelet numbers

14
Q

S&S of thrombocytopenia

A

platelet count on CBC is less than 100,000 (normal 250,000) and bleeding

15
Q

hemophilia

A

a medical condition in which the ability of the blood to clot is severely reduced, causing the sufferer to bleed severely from even a slight injury

16
Q

von Willebrand disease

A

a bleeding disorder caused by low levels of clotting protein in the blood

17
Q

thrombocytosis

A

platelet greater than 400,000

18
Q

thromboembolic disorders

A

any combination of thrombocytosis and clotting factor

overactivity

19
Q

thrombus

A

an arterial or venous clot attached to vessel wall

20
Q

embolus

A

— an arterial or venous thrombus that has broken loose and travels
in the circulatory system

21
Q

Splenomegaly

A

enlargement of spleen

22
Q

Hypersplenism

A

a condition that results from splenomegaly: due to the enlarged spleen,
RBCs, WBCs, and thrombocytes (platelets) become trapped there—ie,
sequestered

23
Q

anemias

A

Disorders due to pathologically decreased number of RBCs

24
Q

polycythemias

A

Disorders due to pathologically

increased number of RBCs

25
Q

polycythemia vera

A

a rare condition in which there is slow development of hyper-proliferation of bone marrow stem cells

26
Q

microcytic anemia

A

an anemia in which the size is smaller than normal so CBC would show RBCs of <4 million and MCV of <80

27
Q

microcytic anemia patho

A

something causes the body to slowly, chronically, lose RBCs and thus it begins to “run low” on material to make enough full-sized replacement RBCs

28
Q

normocytic anemia

A

an anemia in which the size of the RBC is normal, so CBC would show RBCs of <4 million and MCV that is
normal

29
Q

S&S of microcytic anemia

A

RBC <4million, fatigue, weakness, sometimes SOB & dull

mentation.

30
Q

S&S of normocytic anemia

A

RBC <4million, fatigue, weakness, sometimes SOB & dull

mentation

31
Q

macrocytic anemia

A

an anemia in which the size (MCV) is larger than normal so CBC would show RBCs of <4 million and MCV
of > 95

32
Q

most common example of a macrocytic anemia

A

pernicious anemia.

33
Q

S&S of macrocytic anemia

A

RBC <4million, fatigue, weakness, sometimes SOB & dull
mentation(1) MCV>95.
(2) glossitis (“inflammation of tongue”) swollen, beefy red, smooth, painful tongue
(3) neuropathies, most often of the legs, such as paresthesia