RRD #3

Question 1

Body defenses

Answer 1

An interaction and coordination of responses to stressors

Question 2

Two major categories of body defenses

Answer 2

• innate resistance

- acquired immunity

Question 3

Innate “natural” Resistance

Answer 3

The defense mechanism we are born with

Question 4

First line of resistance

Answer 4

Body’s physical barriers which are immediate and non-specific

Question 5

Second line of resistance

Answer 5

Inflammation which is immediate and non-specific and considered a function of innate immunity

Question 6

Acquired “adaptive” immunity

Answer 6

Immunity that develops during a person’s lifetime

Question 7

Third line of defense

Answer 7

Is specific resistance which is considered a function of acquired immunity Delayed

Question 8

Desquamation of skin

Answer 8

Shedding of skin cells

Question 9

Sjögren’s syndrome

Answer 9

Autoimmune disease that dries up all lubricating fluids in the body

Question 10

Respiratory system defenses

Answer 10

• Viscosity of mucus in nose
• cilia in bronchi
• cough reflex

Question 11

Gastrointestinal system defenses

Answer 11

• saliva
• stomach-HCl
• gag reflex/vomiting
• defecation

Question 12

Stressors that can breach respiratory defenses

Answer 12

Cigarette smoking

Cough reflex suppression

Question 13

Stressors that can breach GI defenses

Answer 13

Sjögren’s syndrome

Anything that changes the bowel flora

Question 14

Genitourinary system defenses

Answer 14

• flow of urine

- vaginal secretions slightly acidic

Question 15

Stressors that can breach GU defenses

Answer 15

Decreased urine flow

Anything that changes vaginal acidity

Question 16

Lymphocytes

Answer 16

B and T-cells

Question 17

T-lymphocytes

Answer 17

Defend the body by direct attack against invading microbes

Question 18

B-lymphocytes

Answer 18

Defend by differentiating into plasma membrane, plasma cells then create antibodies to the microbe that has attacked the body, then a particular set of antibodies will always remember that specific microbe

Question 19

Acquired immunity categories

Answer 19

• active vs passive

- natural vs artificial

Question 20

Active acquired immunity

Answer 20

Immunity that is developed on their own immunocyte system and creates the antibodies that established immunity that can be either natural or artificially

Question 21

Natural active acquired immunity

Answer 21

This is when a person’s plasma cells build up antibodies in response to microbially-induced illness

Question 22

Artificially active acquired immunity

Answer 22

When a person’s plasma cells build up antibodies in response to receiving inoculations of a much-weakened or inactive microbe

Question 23

Passive acquired immunity

Answer 23

Immunity that has been given by someone else’s antibodies; do not develop antibodies on their own

Question 24

Natural passive acquired immunity

Answer 24

Occurs when there is a transfer of antibodies (ex. Mom to baby via placenta or breast milk)

Question 25

Artificial passive acquired immunity

Answer 25

Occurs when antibodies are injected during treatment, usually given as intramuscular injection of antibodies to a disease that you have a high risk of contracting (ex. Tetanus)

Question 26

Advantages of passive immunity

Answer 26

-be a powerful immediate way to fight disease, as the disease-specific antibodies will immediately begin attacking the microbes

Question 27

Disadvantages of passive immunity

Answer 27

Only lasts as long as the antibody lasts - after about 2 weeks, the antibody degrades

Question 28

Normal immunity

Answer 28

process is usually acute and short lived

Question 29

irritation/ injury of tissue stimulates "leakiness" in 3 ways

Answer 29

- loss of cell membrane integrity & leakage - they cause capillaries in the area to swell up but relax as well (vasodilation) - mast cell degranulation

Question 30

mast cells

Answer 30

WBCs that are found in tissue instead of blood

Question 31

macrophages

Answer 31

start life as circulating monocytes & end up in the tissue as their home; phagocytize microbes & other duties

Question 32

neutrophils

Answer 32

circulating phagocytes- kill microorganisms in blood and tissue

Question 33

lymphocytes

Answer 33

T-lymphocytes & B-lymphocytes: AKA immunocytes

Question 34

exudate

Answer 34

a thick fluid of a combination of plasma, fibrin, phagocytes, bacteria, and dead tissue cells

Question 35

serious exudate

Answer 35

clear gold color exudate

Question 36

serosanguinous

Answer 36

exudate with blood

Question 37

purulent exudate

Answer 37

exudate especially thick and whitish or yellow (pus)

Question 38

degranulation

Answer 38

breaking apart of mast cells with spillage of granules of biochemical mediators into tissue

Question 39

granulating

Answer 39

tissue-pink, healthy, healing tissue

Question 40

granuloma

Answer 40

a hunk of tissue that has been chronically inflamed & is now essentially just scar tissue

Question 41

local external inflammatory response

Answer 41

laceration or abrasion on skin

Question 42

local internal inflammatory response

Answer 42

appendicitis, pleuritis, thyroiditis

Question 43

appendicitis

Answer 43

irritation and inflammation of appendix by a piece of food or microbe

Question 44

pleuritis

Answer 44

inflammation of pleura when irritated- ex) irritated by lung cancer cell

Question 45

thyroiditis

Answer 45

thyroid is inflamed because of autoimmune attack

Question 46

sepsis

Answer 46

a system wide inflammation