Russia war Flashcards

Question

Treaty of Riga

Answer 1

18 March 1921 – The treaty of Riga -forced to concede terriority in Ukraine and Belarus -see ends conflcit, humaliation as polish army is on paper vastly inferior -minimises foreign policys focus on ‘world revolution’ See importsnce merely on sustaining revolution in russia

Answer 2

– need for centralized rule -eg) trotoksy controlled army to success -vs how whites had different leaders eg) Admiral kolchak despite no figure of tsar -need for teror to control – 28000 plus killed a year See red army conscription continued -. The Red Army's numbers grew from 800,000 in 1918 to over three million by 1920 The NKVD replaced the Cheka in 1922. - have total authority – kill 20000-40000 a year See how some instability eg) Zinoviev against nep Influences ban on factionalism March 16th 1921 – exiled if oppose party desicisoins Enables total autocracy that protects power

Answer 3

March 16th 1921

Answer 4

Control 300 000 business by 1920, lack of suffienct funding Inflation: The value of the rouble fell 230 times between 1917 and 1919. Production: Industrial output fell to 20% of 1913 levels by 1921. Food production: The grain harvest fell from 80 million tons in 1913 to 37 million tons in 1920. Coal production: Coal production fell from 27 million tons in 1913 to 7 million tons in 1920.

Answer 5

Tambov's rebellion – 1920-21, 500 km from Moscow At its height, the rebellion had at least 50,000 armed peasants, many of whom were deserters from the Red Army. The Red Army killed or executed more than 240,000 men, women, and children during the rebellion. Around 100,000 peasant rebels and their families were imprisoned or deported.

Answer 6

13th march 1938 – Anaholoss of austria – union/alliance Challenges russian secucirty Muncih peace cofnrence 1938 – britan/france fail to limit naxi invasion of chexclovakia Shows they are unreliable allys August 1938 – nazi soviet non aggression pact Short term Tensions in poland – nazis invade 1st september -unpopular soviet influence eg) katynn forest war crimes as aim to assert control 22nd june 1941 – operation barbabrosa

Answer 7

Little impact on gov structure Stalin chariman of state defence comittee/supreme millitary commnder Takes advice from adivosrs succesfully Politburo consitia of pro stalin leaders eg) Molotov and Krushcev

Answer 8

Party membership increase – 3.7mill 1941 to 5.8mill 1945 -caused by rise in millitary subsription /pro russian prorpganda -imagery almsot nationalsitic, more churhs re open – put morale above ideology Purges established control By 1941, it is estimated that around 30% of senior military officers had been executed or imprisoned. Kill 89/103 milllitary admirals

Answer 9

-violent to balklands and cheknens - 3 million checnens deported Leningrad affair – 200 supporters of powerful Leningrad party killed - 8.7 million military personnel were lost. - over 15 million civilians.

Answer 10

Lend lease act takes 7million from usa 4 million POw used The Fourth Five Year Plan was a reconstruction program. The aim was to get the Soviet economy at the levels it was at before the war. The Volga-Don Canal was a public works scheme that failed. Collective farms suffered labour shortages, which led to a famine in 1947.

Answer 11

-minimal impact – see how politburo keeps its centralized control over soviets See some changes on stalins death in march 1953 -no introduction of new democracy /assembly - some ideological change with destalinization -- This involved denouncing Stalin’s excesses during a secret speech at the 20th Party Congress in February 25th of 1956

Answer 12

Some liberalization in de Stalinization Still repressive – look to Hungary 1956 – where 3000 killed At its peak in the early 1950s, it is estimated that around 2.5 million people were held in Gulags – decrease to 110000 Still violent but less due to wests pressures 954 alone, about 20,000 executions were reported compared to hundreds of thousands annually during the Great Purge (1936-1938).

Answer 13

-over 1 in 77 have a fridge /1 in 100 washing machine -abortion/birth control allowed 1955 – cold wars preassure to modernize/look to consumerism

Answer 14

8-9 trillion dollars over the duration of the conflict Struugle to fund space/arms race -military expenditures accounted for approximately 25% to 30% of the Soviet GDP -1961 tsar bomba developments cost 60million industrial output grew by about 8% annually on average. However, this growth came at the expense of light industry and agriculture, which struggled to meet domestic needs. - The Virgin Lands Campaign initiated in 1954 aimed to increase agricultural output by cultivating previously unused lands in Kazakhstan -165 million acres, costs over 44 billion rubles, or 20 % of total Soviet expenditure -aims to show modern ideology – fails in outcomes – 140mil tone 1862 , 102mil 1963, dries up aral sea

Russia war Flashcards

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