S2 - Reproduction and Inheritance

Question 1

Glands

Answer 1

Secrete substances that mix with sperm to make semen

Question 2

Semen

Answer 2

A mixture of sperm and other fluids

Question 3

Epididymis

Answer 3

Long coiled tube that stores and transports sperm

Question 4

Scrotum

Answer 4

Bag of skin that contains the testes

Question 5

Testis

Answer 5

Produces sperm in males

Question 6

Penis

Answer 6

Used to introduce sperm into the female reproductive system

Question 7

Urethra

Answer 7

Tube carrying sperm and urine out of the body

Question 8

Sperm duct

Answer 8

Carries sperm out of the body

Question 9

Oviduct

Answer 9

Tube carrying the egg from ovary to uterus

Question 10

Ovum (ova)

Answer 10

Egg/eggs

Question 11

Cervix

Answer 11

The neck of the uterus

Question 12

Vagina

Answer 12

Connects the uterus to the outside in a female

Question 13

Uterus

Answer 13

Womb. Carries a developing baby

Question 14

Ovary

Answer 14

Produces eggs (ova) in females

Question 15

Implantation

Answer 15

When the embryo attaches to the uterus lining

Question 16

Cycle of ovulation and menstruation (periods) in women

Answer 16

Menstrual cycle

Question 17

Endometrium

Answer 17

Uterus lining

Question 18

Ovulation

Answer 18

Release of an egg from an ovary

Question 19

Fertilisation

Answer 19

An egg meets a sperm to form a new individual

Question 20

Gamete

Answer 20

Specialised sex cell – sperm and egg

Question 21

HCG

Answer 21

The hormone released in early pregnancy. Used in pregnancy tests.

Question 22

Antibody

Answer 22

Antibodies are protein molecules that bind to one type of chemical.

Question 23

Immunoassay

Answer 23

A test based on an immune response

Question 24

Placenta

Answer 24

Organ that provides oxygen and nutrients to a developing baby

Question 25

Umbilical cord

Answer 25

Attaches the **placenta** to the **baby**

Question 26

Deficiency

Answer 26

A **lack** or **shortage** of something

Question 27

Premature

Answer 27

Born too early

Question 28

Amniotic sac

Answer 28

**Bag of fluid** inside the **uterus**. Cushions the developing baby.

Question 29

Amniotic fluid

Answer 29

The **fluid** inside the **amniotic sac**

Question 30

Zygote

Answer 30

A fertilised egg

Question 31

Embryo

Answer 31

An **early** developing baby

Question 32

Foetus

Answer 32

An **older** developing baby

Question 33

DNA

Answer 33

**Molecule** found in the **nucleus** that carries **genetic instructions**

Question 34

Chromosome

Answer 34

Structure found in the **nucleus**. Made of **DNA**.

Question 35

Genetic code

Answer 35

The **sequence of letters** that carry **genetic instructions** (letters can be A, T, G, C)

Question 36

Genes

Answer 36

**Sections of DNA code** which form the **instructions** for building **protein** molecules

Question 37

Enzyme

Answer 37

**Protein** molecules that **control chemical reactions** inside cells

Question 38

Characteristic

Answer 38

A **distinguishing** quality, trait or feature of an individual

Question 39

Variation

Answer 39

The slight **differences between individuals** because of the **genes** they inherit.

Question 40

Evolution

Answer 40

A **gradual change** in a **species** over time

Question 41

Natural selection

Answer 41

The **best adapted** survive and breed

Question 42

DNA profile

Answer 42

A person’s **unique DNA pattern**, used to identify them

Question 43

Ethics

Answer 43

Whether something is right or not − **moral principles**