sampling methods

Question 1

sample

Answer 1

small group of people who represent target population and who are studied

Question 2

target population

Answer 2

large group of people who researcher wishes to study

Question 3

sampling methods

Answer 3

strategies used by researchers to select people from target population to take part in study

Question 4

representativeness

Answer 4

when sample of p’s is made up of people who have same characteristics and abilities as target population

Question 5

generalise

Answer 5

refers to extent to which we can apply findings of our research to target population we are interested in

Question 6

researcher bias

Answer 6

person performing the research influences the results

Question 7

what is random sampling

Answer 7

every member of target pop has an equal chance of being selected for sample

1. list of all members of target pop
2. give each a number
3. selected using random method- names out of hat

Question 8

what is volunteer sampling

Answer 8

people volunteer to participate
select themselves to participate by often replying to adverts

Question 9

what is opportunity sampling

Answer 9

choosing people of target population who are willing and available to take part

Question 10

what is systematic sampling

Answer 10

selecting every nth term/number on list of target population

1. list of target population
2. select nth number eg n=3
3. repeat until complete

Question 11

what is stratified sampling?

Answer 11

selecting participants in proportion to their frequency in target population

1. identify subgroups making up target pop
2. work out proportions needed for sample to be rep
3. p’s randomly selected to reflect eg names out of hat

Question 12

strengths of random sampling?

Answer 12

• equal chance being selected
• no researcher bias

Question 13

limitations of random sampling

Answer 13

• time consuming
• not representative

Question 14

strengths of volunteer sampling

Answer 14

• no researcher bias as p’s volunteer themselves
• ethical- want to do it= consent

Question 15

limitations of volunteer sampling

Answer 15

• social desirability- interested, seem better, demand characteristics
• time consuming- wait for them to reply
• unrepresentative

Question 16

opportunity sampling advantages

Answer 16

• quick and easy as already have participants

Question 17

opportunity sampling disadvantages

Answer 17

• unrepresenative
• researcher bias
• p’s change behaviour

Question 18

systematic sampling advantages

Answer 18

• no researcher bias- selected without imput

Question 19

systematic sampling disadvantages

Answer 19

• time consuming
• unrepresentative

Question 20

stratified sampling advantages

Answer 20

• representative
• no researcher bias

Question 21

stratified sampling disadvantages

Answer 21

• time consuming
• other factors not accounted for