What is a population
Group of people researchers are interested in and of which a sample is drawn
What is a sample
Method used to select participants
What is bias
A systematic distortion
What is opportunity sampling?
The most convenient or most available people
Strength of opportunity sampling
Less time selecting participants
Limitation of opportunity sampling
Bias if drawn from same area of the population
What is Random sampling
Completely random selection sk that everyone has a chance
Strength of random sample
Unbiased due to all participants having equal chance
Limitations of random sampling
Must list all of the member and contact all- time costly
What is stratified sampling
Selection from sub groups only
Strength of stratified sampling
More representative due to proportionality and random selection
Limitation of stratified sampling
Very time consuming to select participants such
What is Systematic sampling
Predetermined system
Eg- pick every 3rd person
Strength of systematic sampling
Unbiased due to selection using an objective system
Limitation of systematic sample
Not fully unbiased unless number of picked using a random generator
What is a volunteer sample
Advert is placed and participants respond
Strength of volunteer sample
Gives access to large variety of participants- more representative and less bias
Limitations of volunteer sample
Participants may be highly motivated and need money- volunteer bias
What is the lottery method
Draw names out of a hat
What is a Random number table
Alternative random technique is to use a printed table of random numbers
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Self Report Techniques20
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Ethical Issues24
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Experiments17
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Experimental Design12
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Observations18
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Observational Design13
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Meta Analysis10
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Correlations8
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Hypotheses5
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Sampling Methods20
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Extraneous Variables9
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Peer Review And Pilot Studies11
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Psychology And The Economy10
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Features Of Science15
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Content Analysis2
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Reliability11
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Statistics27
