Define sampling method.
A technique used to select individuals from a population to estimate characteristics.
What is random sampling?
A method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
True or false: Systematic sampling involves selecting every nth individual.
TRUE
Fill in the blank: Stratified sampling divides the population into _______.
subgroups
What is the purpose of cluster sampling?
To reduce costs by dividing the population into clusters and randomly selecting whole clusters.
Define convenience sampling.
A non-probability sampling method where samples are taken from a group that is easy to access.
True or false: Quota sampling ensures equal representation of all subgroups.
FALSE
Quota sampling does not use random selection, leading to potential bias.
What is purposive sampling?
A non-random sampling technique where participants are selected based on specific characteristics.
Fill in the blank: Snowball sampling is often used for _______ populations.
hard-to-reach
What is sampling bias?
A systematic error that occurs when the sample is not representative of the population.
Define simple random sampling.
A sampling method where every possible sample of a given size has an equal chance of selection.
True or false: Self-selection sampling is a type of probability sampling.
FALSE
Self-selection sampling relies on individuals volunteering, leading to bias.
What is the main advantage of stratified sampling?
It increases precision by ensuring all subgroups are represented in the sample.
Fill in the blank: In systematic sampling, the starting point is chosen _______.
randomly
What is a sampling frame?
A list or database from which a sample is drawn.
Define non-probability sampling.
Sampling methods where not all individuals have a chance of being selected.
True or false: Cluster sampling can be more cost-effective than simple random sampling.
TRUE
What is the main disadvantage of convenience sampling?
It may lead to biased results due to non-random selection.
Fill in the blank: Quota sampling requires the researcher to meet specific _______.
quotas
What is random digit dialing?
A method used in surveys to randomly select phone numbers for sampling.
Define oversampling.
The practice of sampling a larger proportion of a subgroup to ensure adequate representation.
True or false: Mixed methods sampling combines qualitative and quantitative approaches.
TRUE
What is the goal of sample size determination?
To ensure the sample is large enough to provide reliable estimates.
Fill in the blank: Sampling error refers to the difference between the sample and the _______.
population parameter
