If Sarcocystosis infect between Snake and Man, who is the definitive host and intermediate host?
Snake is definitive host
Man is intermediate host
If Sarcocystosis infect Cow, Pig and Man, who is the Definitive and Intermediate host?
Man is Definitive Host
Cow is Intermediate Host
Pig is Intermediate Host
If man as IH where snake is DH, where is the pathology?
Muscular
If man as DH where pig and cow is IH, where is the pathology?
Intestinal
What is the mode of infection if intestinal is infected?
eating meat infected with cyst containing Bradyzoite
What is the mode of infection if muscular is infected?
eating oocyst/sporocyst
Explain the life cycle of Sarcocystis sp. where man is the IH and snake as the DH
- Snake ingested tissue cyst containing mature Sarcocystis sp.
- The cyst release sporozoite which then enter intestinal epithelial cells and undergo asexual reproduction (schizogony)
- Resulting in formation of merozoites that can develop into male and female gametocytes which then will undergo sexual reproduction forming zygote
-Zygotes will develop into oocyst with thick-walled structure which shed in the faeces. - Man as ID will ingest the oocyst thru contaminated water and soil. Upon ingestion, oocyst release sporozoites, invade the epithelial cells of GIT.
-Sporozoites develop into schizont (schizogony) which release merozoites and mature into sarcocyst containing bradyzoites.
-Sarcocyst will develop in the muscle
What is the presentation of man as IH ?
myositis, muscle tenderness
Explain the life cycle of Sarcocystis sp. where man is the DH?
- Man ingested cyst with bradyzoite in undercooked meat
-Bradyzoites are released and enter intestinal cells undergo sexual reproduction forming microgamete or macrogamete. - It fertilizes and become immature oocyst and exit the host
-Sporocysts and thin-walled oocyst passed in the faeces and ingested by cow and pig
-Sporocyst ruptures releasing sporozotes that enter endothelial cells of blood vessels and undergo schizogony.
-Schizont rupture releasing merozoites.
-Merozoites invade muscle cells and develop into cysts with bradyzoites.
What is the symptom of infected man as DH?
Asymptomatic or mild non-specific symptoms
What is the Sarcocystis sp. infect the cattle and pig?
S . hominis – cattle
S. Suihominis - pig
One sporocyst of Sarcocystis sp. have how many sporozoites?
4 sporozoites
How much sporocyst in one oocyst in Sarcocystis sp. ?
2 sporocyst in each oocyst
How to diagnose Sarcocystis sp. in an infected man?
- Travel history – tropical country (SEAsia)
- Histology tissue sample - cysts in muscles.
- Stool analysis - oocyst with sporozoites in faeces (if intestinal sarcocystis)
- Serology - Seropositivity is high among Orang Asli, in Malay, Chinese and Indian
What is the treatment can be given?
No known treatment
What are the local and generalized symptoms for muscular sarcocystis?
Local symptoms man:
-Asymptomatic – finding at autopsy
-myositis
-Muscle tenderness
-Associated with cystic changes in striated muscles.
Generalized symptoms man:
-Fever, headache, fatigue
-Dyspnea and wheezing – is lung is affected
What are the species of Sarcocystis sp. can infect man as IH?
S. nesbatti
S. lendenmani
