Sarcoidosis Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is sarcoidosis?
A chronic granulomatous disorder
Sarcoidosis is characterized by the formation of granulomas, which are inflammatory nodules.
What are granulomas?
Inflammatory nodules full of macrophages
What is the typical age range for sarcoidosis onset?
20-39 or around 60
Which gender is more commonly affected by sarcoidosis?
Women
What ethnic origin is most commonly associated with sarcoidosis?
Black ethnic origin
What is a stereotypical presentation of sarcoidosis?
20-40 year old black female presenting with a dry cough and shortness of breath
What skin feature is associated with sarcoidosis?
Erythea nodosum
What are the characteristics of erythea nodosum?
- Inflamed subcutaneous fat on the shins
- Raised, red, tender, painful
- Nodules settle and appear as bruises over time
What is lupus pernio?
Specific to sarcoidosis; raised purple skin lesions on cheeks and nose
Which organ is most commonly affected by sarcoidosis?
Lungs (90% of cases)
What are common lung features of sarcoidosis?
- Mediastinal lymphadenopathy
- Pulmonary fibrosis
- Pulmonary nodules
List systemic features of sarcoidosis.
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
What liver features are associated with sarcoidosis?
- Liver nodules
- Cirrhosis
- Cholestasis
What eye features are seen in sarcoidosis?
- Uveitis
- Conjunctivitis
- Optic neuritis
What heart features can occur in sarcoidosis?
- Bundle branch block
- Heart block
- Myocardial muscle involvement
What kidney features are associated with sarcoidosis?
- Kidney stones (due to hypercalcaemia)
- Nephrocalcinosis
- Interstitial nephritis
What CNS features may occur in sarcoidosis?
- Nodules
- Pituitary involvement (diabetes insipidus)
- Encephalopathy
What bone features are associated with sarcoidosis?
- Arthralgia
- Arthritis
- Myopathy
What is Lofgren’s syndrome?
A specific presentation of sarcoidosis with a triad of symptoms
What are the three symptoms of Lofgren’s syndrome?
- Erythema nodosum
- Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
- Polyarthralgia
What is Heerfordt’s syndrome?
Also known as uveoparotid fever; parotid enlargement, fever, and uveitis secondary to sarcoidosis
What are some differential diagnoses for sarcoidosis?
- Tuberculosis
- Lymphoma
- Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
- HIV
- Toxoplasmosis
- Histoplasmosis
What blood tests are commonly elevated in sarcoidosis?
- Raised ACE
- Raised calcium (hypercalcaemia)
What does a chest x-ray show in sarcoidosis?
Hilar lymphadenopathy
