SB.9 Textiles

Question 1

Natural fibres from ANIMAL sources: silk

Answer 1

Silkworms spin their cocoon which produces a long single strand of silk, held tg w natural gum. Cocoons are cleaned & softened to remove gum & unravelled into long threads

Question 2

Natural fibres from ANIMAL sources: wool

Answer 2

Sourced from sheeps, goats, rabbits & camelids. Sheep are shorn to remove their fleece. The wool is then washed. Carding to straighten the naturally curly wool fibres. Spun into suitable mat for weaving or knitting

Question 3

Natural fibres from PLANT sources: cotton

Answer 3

Cotton plants grown in warm climates. Seedpods from the plant are called bolls. Bolls ripen & burst open to reveal fluffy ball of cotton. Balls are harvested, cleaned & readied for weaving

Question 4

Natural fibres from PLANT sources: linen

Answer 4

Made from cellulose fibres that grow inside stalks of flax plant. Flax is pulled rather than cut. Left outside to rest & dry, before baling. Fibres are separated from stems to leave pure fibre

Question 5

MAN-MADE fibres: elastane

Answer 5

Excellent tensile strength, elasticity & shape retention. Lightweight & fast drying

Question 6

MAN-MADE fibres: polyamide or nylon

Answer 6

Fibres are elastic, tough, abrasion res yet smooth & soft. Easy to wash & dye

Question 7

MAN-MADE fibres: polyester

Answer 7

Fibres are strong, elastic, good crease res. Polyester spun w other fibres to produce polycotton - lightweight & less likely to wrinkle

Question 8

Textile: acrylic

Answer 8

Soft, warm, fade res. Can be blended w other finres
Uses: soft toys

Question 9

Textile: linen

Answer 9

Strong, durable, creases easily
Uses: cloths

Question 10

Modification of textile properties: flame retardants

Answer 10

Fabrics can be chemically treated to make them more res to fire. Fabrics tested strictly to ensure they are safe for use in home or public. Items sold w ‘fire resistant’ label indicates they meet British Standards

Question 11

Modification of textile properties: laminated fabrics

Answer 11

Lamination fuses 2 or more layers of fabric tg w heat, adhesives & pressure. Uses: outdoor clothing, rainwear

Question 12

Common cutting tools: tailor shears

Answer 12

Used to cut fabrics. The long blades help make cutting straight easier/faster

Question 13

Common cutting tools: pinking shears

Answer 13

Used to cut mat prone to fraying. The zigzag edge can also be used as decorative finish

Question 14

Common cutting tools: rotary cutting wheel

Answer 14

Cuts accurate lines & curves on multiple layers of fabric

Question 15

Common cutting tools: embroidery scissors

Answer 15

Small bladed scissors for delicate work & cutting threads

Question 16

Commercial cutting tools: textile band saw

Answer 16

Fast/efficient method to cut out multiple layers of cloth in one pass

Question 17

Commercial cutting tools: electric rotary cutting wheel

Answer 17

Speeds up process of cutting textiles

Question 18

Commercial cutting tools: laser cutter

Answer 18

CAM will drive a laser cutter to cut fabric. Very accurate & fast

Question 19

See images for what cutting tools look like

Question 20

Sewing: chain stitch

Answer 20

Chain & looped stitches used for decorative purposes

Question 21

Sewing: blanket stitch

Answer 21

Used on edges of fabrics to give a durable edge. Helps prevent fluffy strands coming away

Question 22

Sewing: overlock stitch

Answer 22

Created w a machine called overlocker. Used to create durable edge over two pieces of cloth.

Question 23

See images for diff types of stitches

Question 24

Pleating

Answer 24

Adds folds to a fabric to create volume & texture, increase ease of movement & add strength. See images for dresses

Question 25

Gathering

Answer 25

Sewing technique to manage fullness of a fabric & create shape. Used at waistband or cuffs

Question 26

Quilting

Answer 26

Process of sewing layers of fabric tg to form thick & warm structure. Made up if decorative top layer, wadding for thickness/warmth & simpler backing material.

Question 27

Disadv of pleating

Answer 27

Requires additional material which adds weight & cost Production time

Question 28

Piping

Answer 28

Forms a trim to define edges of cushions, etc. Formed by folding strip of fabric over a length of piping cord & sewn along edge.

Question 29

Stock forms of textiles

Answer 29

Rolls of fabric Ball of yarn Reels of yarn: usually used for machine production

Question 30

Modern uses of textiles

Answer 30

Zips: 2 rows of interlocking teeth Velcro: one side covered w tiny nylon hooks, other w tiny loops

Question 31

Natural dyes for fabric

Answer 31

Produced from plants, minerals. Produce diverse range of rich & complementary colours. Coloure may vary w each batch, inconsistent

Question 32

Synthetic dyes for fabric

Answer 32

Produce long lasting, consistent colours. Made from chemical resources, some are toxic

Question 33

Commercial dyeing

Answer 33

Continuous dyeing: large quantities of fabric on long rolls are machine fed producing large batches of same colour. Cost effective Batch dyeing: smaller quantity of fabric dyed a specific colour. Enables manufacturers to respond quickly to request for particular colour

Question 34

Hand dyeing

Answer 34

Resists dyeing: prevents dye from reaching all of cloth. Wax used to resist dye. When fabric is washed to remove wax, undyed area reveals pattern Tie-dye: twisting, folding fabric & holding in place w string. When cloth is dyed, folds act as barrier resisting dye from reaching all of fabric

Question 35

Screen printing

Answer 35

Screen is wooden frame w fine mesh fabric across it Chosen design is set into mesh w a layer of light reactive emulsion, which hardens under light, producing desired stencil Ink is poured over screen & pressed throught mesh to create design on fabric below

Question 36

Rotary sceen printing

Answer 36

Allows continuous production. Cylinder used instead of screen, each applying single layer of colour. Ink pumped through cyclinders, and as it rolls along fabric, a squeegee pushes ink out in controlled amounts

Question 37

Sublimation printing

Answer 37

Inks printed onto sublimation paper Paper laid on the fabric & heat pressed Heat turns ink in paper from solid to gas which penetrates the fibres of the fabric

Question 38

Block printing

Answer 38

Ink dipped blocks made of wood pressed onto fabric. Pattern can be cut into block leaving raised design

Question 39

Digital printing

Answer 39

Rolls of fabric fed through printer & ink is applied in form of thousands of tiny droplets. Heat & steam used to cure fabric after

Question 40

Weaving

Answer 40

Interlaces 2 sets of yarn at right angles to form fabric

Question 41

Finishing process of fabrics

Answer 41

Stain protection: adding stain res is chemical process which prevents liquids from attaching to fabric Water repellency: silicon based chemicals added to fabrics Embossing: fabric passed through heated, decorative rollers that will press design into cloth