SB.9 Textiles Flashcards

1
Q

Natural fibres from ANIMAL sources: silk

A

Silkworms spin their cocoon which produces a long single strand of silk, held tg w natural gum. Cocoons are cleaned & softened to remove gum & unravelled into long threads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Natural fibres from ANIMAL sources: wool

A

Sourced from sheeps, goats, rabbits & camelids. Sheep are shorn to remove their fleece. The wool is then washed. Carding to straighten the naturally curly wool fibres. Spun into suitable mat for weaving or knitting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Natural fibres from PLANT sources: cotton

A

Cotton plants grown in warm climates. Seedpods from the plant are called bolls. Bolls ripen & burst open to reveal fluffy ball of cotton. Balls are harvested, cleaned & readied for weaving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Natural fibres from PLANT sources: linen

A

Made from cellulose fibres that grow inside stalks of flax plant. Flax is pulled rather than cut. Left outside to rest & dry, before baling. Fibres are separated from stems to leave pure fibre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

MAN-MADE fibres: elastane

A

Excellent tensile strength, elasticity & shape retention. Lightweight & fast drying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

MAN-MADE fibres: polyamide or nylon

A

Fibres are elastic, tough, abrasion res yet smooth & soft. Easy to wash & dye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

MAN-MADE fibres: polyester

A

Fibres are strong, elastic, good crease res. Polyester spun w other fibres to produce polycotton - lightweight & less likely to wrinkle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Textile: acrylic

A

Soft, warm, fade res. Can be blended w other finres
Uses: soft toys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Textile: linen

A

Strong, durable, creases easily
Uses: cloths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Modification of textile properties: flame retardants

A

Fabrics can be chemically treated to make them more res to fire. Fabrics tested strictly to ensure they are safe for use in home or public. Items sold w ‘fire resistant’ label indicates they meet British Standards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Modification of textile properties: laminated fabrics

A

Lamination fuses 2 or more layers of fabric tg w heat, adhesives & pressure. Uses: outdoor clothing, rainwear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Common cutting tools: tailor shears

A

Used to cut fabrics. The long blades help make cutting straight easier/faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Common cutting tools: pinking shears

A

Used to cut mat prone to fraying. The zigzag edge can also be used as decorative finish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Common cutting tools: rotary cutting wheel

A

Cuts accurate lines & curves on multiple layers of fabric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Common cutting tools: embroidery scissors

A

Small bladed scissors for delicate work & cutting threads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Commercial cutting tools: textile band saw

A

Fast/efficient method to cut out multiple layers of cloth in one pass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Commercial cutting tools: electric rotary cutting wheel

A

Speeds up process of cutting textiles

18
Q

Commercial cutting tools: laser cutter

A

CAM will drive a laser cutter to cut fabric. Very accurate & fast

19
Q

See images for what cutting tools look like

A
20
Q

Sewing: chain stitch

A

Chain & looped stitches used for decorative purposes

21
Q

Sewing: blanket stitch

A

Used on edges of fabrics to give a durable edge. Helps prevent fluffy strands coming away

22
Q

Sewing: overlock stitch

A

Created w a machine called overlocker. Used to create durable edge over two pieces of cloth.

23
Q

See images for diff types of stitches

A
24
Q

Pleating

A

Adds folds to a fabric to create volume & texture, increase ease of movement & add strength. See images for dresses

25
Q

Gathering

A

Sewing technique to manage fullness of a fabric & create shape. Used at waistband or cuffs

26
Q

Quilting

A

Process of sewing layers of fabric tg to form thick & warm structure. Made up if decorative top layer, wadding for thickness/warmth & simpler backing material.

27
Q

Disadv of pleating

A

Requires additional material which adds weight & cost
Production time

28
Q

Piping

A

Forms a trim to define edges of cushions, etc. Formed by folding strip of fabric over a length of piping cord & sewn along edge.

29
Q

Stock forms of textiles

A

Rolls of fabric
Ball of yarn
Reels of yarn: usually used for machine production

30
Q

Modern uses of textiles

A

Zips: 2 rows of interlocking teeth
Velcro: one side covered w tiny nylon hooks, other w tiny loops

31
Q

Natural dyes for fabric

A

Produced from plants, minerals. Produce diverse range of rich & complementary colours. Coloure may vary w each batch, inconsistent

32
Q

Synthetic dyes for fabric

A

Produce long lasting, consistent colours. Made from chemical resources, some are toxic

33
Q

Commercial dyeing

A

Continuous dyeing: large quantities of fabric on long rolls are machine fed producing large batches of same colour. Cost effective
Batch dyeing: smaller quantity of fabric dyed a specific colour. Enables manufacturers to respond quickly to request for particular colour

34
Q

Hand dyeing

A

Resists dyeing: prevents dye from reaching all of cloth. Wax used to resist dye. When fabric is washed to remove wax, undyed area reveals pattern
Tie-dye: twisting, folding fabric & holding in place w string. When cloth is dyed, folds act as barrier resisting dye from reaching all of fabric

35
Q

Screen printing

A

Screen is wooden frame w fine mesh fabric across it
Chosen design is set into mesh w a layer of light reactive emulsion, which hardens under light, producing desired stencil
Ink is poured over screen & pressed throught mesh to create design on fabric below

36
Q

Rotary sceen printing

A

Allows continuous production. Cylinder used instead of screen, each applying single layer of colour. Ink pumped through cyclinders, and as it rolls along fabric, a squeegee pushes ink out in controlled amounts

37
Q

Sublimation printing

A

Inks printed onto sublimation paper
Paper laid on the fabric & heat pressed
Heat turns ink in paper from solid to gas which penetrates the fibres of the fabric

38
Q

Block printing

A

Ink dipped blocks made of wood pressed onto fabric. Pattern can be cut into block leaving raised design

39
Q

Digital printing

A

Rolls of fabric fed through printer & ink is applied in form of thousands of tiny droplets. Heat & steam used to cure fabric after

40
Q

Weaving

A

Interlaces 2 sets of yarn at right angles to form fabric

41
Q

Finishing process of fabrics

A

Stain protection: adding stain res is chemical process which prevents liquids from attaching to fabric
Water repellency: silicon based chemicals added to fabrics
Embossing: fabric passed through heated, decorative rollers that will press design into cloth