Schizophrenia Flashcards
(46 cards)
How many people have schizophrenia
1/100 wordwide
Which race is more likely to get schizophrenia
black people - no biological reason - more social economical factors
When do you get diagnosed usually with schizophrenia
18-35
How to diagnose schizophrenia
- individuals description of symptoms
- doctors observations
- reaction of symptoms to treatment
20%
of people with schizophrenia have recovered and dont take meds after 10 years
35-50%
of people with schizophrenia are in remission 10 years post diagnosis
How does being diagnosed with schizophrenia relate to death?
increases likelihood by 2-3 fold
mainly suicide
What are the different symptoms of schizophrenia?
- positive
- negative
- cognitive
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia
- hallucination
- delusion
- thought disorders
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia
- withdrawl in social situations
- flattened emotions
- difficulty engaging in daily tasks
- speech disorders (lack of speech, loosing associations, blocking, clanning)
Cognitive symptoms
- defects in working memory
- difficulty with executive function
which symptoms respond better to treatment
positive
aetiology of schizophrenia
underlaying genetic factors
no single gene
over 100 gene loci found
environmental factors - low socioeconomic status and cannabis use
Pathogenesis of schizophrenia
- loss in grey matter
- enlargement of cerebral ventricles
schizophrenia treatment pre 1950s
restraint, electroconvulsive therapy, frontal lobotomy
Which drug was synthesised in 1951 for schizophrenia?
chlorpromazine
What is a side effect of chlorpromazine
parkansionan symtoms
when was it discovered that chlorpromazine blocked dopamine receptors>
1970’s
Which dopamine pathways are important in schizophrenia?
mesolimbic and mesocortical
Mesolimbic
- starts in ventral tegmental and projects to amygdala, hippocampus and nucleus accmbens
- involved in the memory, emotion, reward and motivation
Mesocortical
- starts in the VTA and projects to the neocortex including the prefrontal cortex
- involved in organisation, planning and social behaviour
Mesolimbic in schizophrenia
heightened dopamine signalling
positive symptoms
Mesocortical in schizophrenia
- lowered dopamine signalling
- negative and cognitive symptoms
D1 receptors
activate adenylyl cyclase
main receptor inn cerebral cortex and hippocampus
