Schizophrenia- characteristics

Question 1

Are delusions a positive or negative characteristic?

Answer 1

Positive

Question 2

What are delusions?

Answer 2

Fixed beliefs that are not amendable to change

Question 3

What are the six types of delusions?

Answer 3

Persecutory, referential, grandiose, erotomanic, nihilistic and somatic

Question 4

What are persecutory delusions?

Answer 4

Belief one is going to be harmed

Question 5

What are referential delusions?

Answer 5

Belief certain gestures or comments are directed at oneself

Question 6

What are grandiose delusions?

Answer 6

A belief that you have exceptional abilities, wealth or fame

Question 7

What are erotomanic delusions?

Answer 7

Someone falsely believes another person is in love with them

Question 8

What are nihilistic delusions?

Answer 8

Conviction that a major catastrophe will occur

Question 9

What are somatic delusions?

Answer 9

Delusions focus on preoccupations regarding health and organ function

Question 10

What is the difference between non-bizarre and bizarre delusions?

Answer 10

Bizarre are clearly implausible, non understandable and don’t derive from ordinary experiences. Non-bizarre is something like one is under surveillance by police.

Question 11

What does the distinction between a delusion and a strongly held idea depend on?

Answer 11

Degree of conviction with which the belief is held despite clear and reasonable contradictory evidence

Question 12

Are hallucinations a positive or negative characteristic?

Answer 12

Positive

Question 13

What are hallucinations?

Answer 13

Perception-like experiences that happen without an external stimulus

Question 14

What are the most common hallucinations?

Answer 14

Auditory

Question 15

What are auditory hallucinations usually experienced as?

Answer 15

Voices, familiar or unfamiliar

Question 16

What is a tactile hallucination?

Answer 16

Perceiving sensations of touch, movement, or physical contact when there is no stimulus present

Question 17

What is a type of tactile hallucinations?

Answer 17

Formication- sensation of small insects/spiders are crawling on the skin

Question 18

What must hallucinations do?

Answer 18

Occur outside those regarded as normal experiences

Question 19

When do hallucination occur that are considered normal?

Answer 19

Asleep (hypnagogic) and waking up (hypnopomic)

Question 20

Is disorganised thinking a positive or negative characteristic?

Answer 20

Positive

Question 21

What is disorganised thinking typically inferred from?

Answer 21

Speech

Question 22

What is derailment/loose associations?

Answer 22

Switching from one topic to another

Question 23

What is tangentiality?

Answer 23

When answers to questions are are indirectly or completely unrelated

Question 24

What may speech be?

Answer 24

Disorganised that it is nearly incomprehensible

Question 25

What must speech be to substantially impair effective communication?

Answer 25

Severe

Question 26

When may it be difficult to evaluate someones speech?

Answer 26

If they come from a different linguistic background

Question 27

What is asphasia?

Answer 27

Inability to understand or produce speech as a result of brain damage (link to incomprehensible and disorganised)

Question 28

What is a word salad?

Answer 28

An unintelligible and disorganized mixture of words and phrases (link to asphasia)

Question 29

When may less severe disorganised speech/thinking occur?

Answer 29

During prodromal and residual periods of schizophrenia

Question 30

Is grossly disorganise/abnormal behaviour a positive negative characteristic?

Answer 30

Negative

Question 31

What does grossly disorganised/abnormal behaviour range from?

Answer 31

Childlike silliness to unpredictable agitation

Question 32

How may gd/ab be noted?

Answer 32

In goal directed behaviour which can lead to difficulties in performing activities of daily living

Question 33

What is catatonic behaviour?

Answer 33

Decrease in reactivity to environment

Question 34

What does catatonic behaviour range from?

Answer 34

negativism, mutism and stupor, maintaining a rigid, inappropriate or bizarre posture, catatonic excitement

Question 35

What is negativism?

Answer 35

Resistance to instructions

Question 36

What is mutism and stupor?

Answer 36

A complete lack of verbal and motor responses

Question 37

What is catatonic excitement?

Answer 37

Purposeless excessive motor activity without obvious cause

Question 38

What is echopraxia?

Answer 38

Mimicking movements of people around them

Question 39

What is waxy flexibility?

Answer 39

Can be moved by others but maintains a rigid posture

Question 40

What are catatonic symptoms?

Answer 40

Non specific and can occur in other mental disorders and conditions.

Question 41

What are other features?

Answer 41

repeated stereotyped movements, staring, grimacing, mutism, and the echoing of speech

Question 42

Is diminished emotional expression a positive or negative symptom?

Answer 42

Negative

Question 43

What is diminished emotional expression?

Answer 43

Reductions in expression of emotions.

Question 44

where can emotional expression be diminished?

Answer 44

Face, eye contact, intonation of speech, movement of the hand head and face

Question 45

Is avolition a positive or negative symptom?

Answer 45

Negative

Question 46

What is avolition?

Answer 46

A decrease in self initiated purposeful activities. such as sitting for a long time or showing little interest in social activities

Question 47

What are three other negative symptoms?

Answer 47

Alogia, anhedonia and asociality

Question 48

What is alogia?

Answer 48

Diminished speech output

Question 49

What is anhedonia?

Answer 49

Decreased ability to experience pleasure from positive stimuli or a degradation in the recollection of pleasure previously experienced

Question 50

What is asociality?

Answer 50

Apparent lack of interest in social interactions

Question 51

What may asociality be associated with?

Answer 51

Avolition

Question 52

What may asociality be a manifestation of?

Answer 52

Limited opportunities for social interactions

Question 53

What are prodromal characteristics?

Answer 53

Early symptoms of schizophrenia

Question 54

What are some examples of prodromal characteristics?

Answer 54

Loss of interest in normal activities, lack of interest in hygiene and personal appearance, staying away from work or school