Schizophrenia Spectrum And Other Psychotic Disorders

Question 1

What is the criteria for schizophrenia?

Answer 1

A. At least 2 for one month. 
 1. Hallucinations. 
 2. Delusions. 
 3. Disorganised speech. 
 4. Disorganised or catatonic behaviour 
 5. Negative symptoms 
B. Decreased functioning 
C. Signs of disorder for at least six months

Question 2

What are the symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 2

Hallucinations. 
Delusions 
Disorganised speech 
Disorganised or catatonic behaviour 
Negative symptoms

Question 3

Describe hallucinations

Answer 3

False perceptions… can be:

• auditory
• visual
• olfactory
• tactile

Question 4

Define delusions

Answer 4

Firmly held beliefs that have no basis in reality

Question 5

Lost the 8 types of delusions

Answer 5

Delusion of prosecution 
Delusion of reference 
Delusion of grandeur 
Delusion of sin and guilt 
Somatic delusions 
Nihilistic delusions 
Religious delusions 
Delusions of control or influence

Question 6

What are delusions of reference

Answer 6

Beliefs that thins in the environment are about them.

Question 7

What are nihilistic delusions

Answer 7

Beliefs that self or others don’t exist

Question 8

What are the three kinds of delusions of control or influence?

Answer 8

Thought broadcasting
Thought insertion
Thought withdrawal

Question 9

Give six examples of disorganised speech

Answer 9

Loosening of association 
Poverty of content 
Neologism 
Perseveration 
Clanging 
Word salad

Question 10

Define neologism

Answer 10

Made up words

Question 11

Describe perseveration

Answer 11

Keep repeating same sentence or thought over and over

Question 12

Describe clanging

Answer 12

Speaking in rhymes

Question 13

What are the four kinds of disorganised behaviour

Answer 13

Stereotypes movement
Inappropriate behaviour
Inappropriate affect
Poor goal directed behaviour

Question 14

Describe stereotype movement

Answer 14

Repetitive movement that serves no purpose

Question 15

Describe inappropriate affect

Answer 15

Inappropriate emotional response like laughing when something sad occurs

Question 16

Give the 8 types of catatonic behaviour

Answer 16

Catatonic stupor 
Mutism 
Bizarre posturing 
Waxy flexibility 
Catatonic rigidity 
Echolalia 
Exhopraxia 
Catatonic negativism

Question 17

Define catatonic stupor

Answer 17

Does not respond to environment

Question 18

Describe exholalia

Answer 18

Repeat word for word what someone is saying

Question 19

Echopraxia

Answer 19

Parroting what others are doing

Question 20

Catatonic negativism

Answer 20

So opposit of what someone is saying to do

Question 21

What are the 5 negative symptoms

Answer 21

Lack of speech 
Reduce or lack of emotional expression 
Decreased motivation 
Social withdrawal 
Poor attention

Question 22

What are the additional features?

Answer 22

•some experience a change in perception 
>visual illusions 
>disturbingly acute hearring 
>difficulty in identifying people 
>difficulty in understanding others 
>changes in smell 
•breakdown of selective attention is common 
• 1% of population 
• range of level of impairement
• disturbed sleep patterns 
• poor social support 
• overrepresentation in prison. 
• high rate of suicide 
• abuse of alcohol and drugs

Question 23

What are the three phases of schizophrenia

Answer 23

The prodromal phase
The active (acute) phase
The residual phase

Question 24

What characterises the prodromal phase ?

Answer 24

Withdrawal and socially isolated
Neglect appearance and hygiene
Performance in school or work deteriorates
Shallow or inappropriate emotions

Question 25

What characterise the active phase

Answer 25

Prominent psychotic symptoms

Question 26

What characterises the residual phase

Answer 26

Similar symptoms to the prodromal phase

Question 27

What are the possible causes of schizophrenia?

Answer 27

•biology >genetics > brain abnormalities : enlargemed ventricles > neurotransmitters: overactivity of dopamine receptors >complications of feral development •diathesis stress model : cannabis use > stress : affects onset, affects relapse •family >may contribute to relapse > if high in expresses emotions : criticism, hostility, emotional over involvement

Question 28

What are the two important treatments for schizophrenia

Answer 28

Antipsychotics | Psychosocial intervention

Question 29

What proportion of people with schizophrenia are helped by antipsychotics

Answer 29

60 to 80%

Question 30

What are the side effects of antipsychotics

Answer 30

``` Sedating Constipation Blurred vision Dry mouth Muscle rigidity Tremors Tradive dykenesia ```

Question 31

Define tardive dyskinesia

Answer 31

Movement disorder characterised by involuntary movements of the face, mouth, neck, trunk, or extremities caused by long term use of antipsychotic medication

Question 32

What are psychosocial interventions

Answer 32

``` •psychosocial rehabilitation -living skills -social skills •family therapy •vocational rehabilitation ```