School 3 Flashcards
(7 cards)
DEI approach vs your theory
- How to Address Racial Disparities:
Your Perspective: Focus on creating fair systems that provide equal opportunities for all, regardless of race. Emphasize improving foundational structures like education and criminal justice to ensure everyone has access to quality resources.
DEI-Oriented Approach: Implement targeted interventions to address systemic inequities. This may include programs and policies designed to support historically marginalized groups, aiming to level the playing field.
- Use of Race in Decision-Making:
Your Perspective: Race should not be a factor in decisions such as hiring or admissions. Policies should be race-neutral, focusing on individual merit and qualifications.
DEI-Oriented Approach: Recognize that systemic barriers have historically disadvantaged certain groups. Incorporate race-conscious strategies to promote equity and rectify past injustices.
- Definition of Fairness:
Your Perspective: Fairness means treating everyone equally under the same rules and standards, ensuring that no one is given preferential treatment based on race or identity.
DEI-Oriented Approach: Fairness involves acknowledging existing disparities and providing support to those who have been historically marginalized to achieve equitable outcomes.
- Value of Diversity:
Your Perspective: Diversity is valuable for bringing a range of perspectives and experiences, enhancing problem-solving and innovation. However, it should emerge naturally from equal opportunity, not enforced through quotas.
DEI-Oriented Approach: Diversity is essential for representation and inclusivity. Proactive measures may be necessary to ensure diverse voices are included and heard.
- Addressing Unequal Outcomes:
Your Perspective: Investigate and address the root causes of disparities, such as unequal education or economic opportunities, rather than implementing race-based corrective measures.
DEI-Oriented Approach: Implement immediate strategies to correct disparities, including affirmative action and targeted support programs, while also working on long-term systemic changes.
Food stamp and Medicaid for asylum applicants
Before an asylum seeker is granted asylum (i.e., while their application is pending), their access to public benefits like Medicaid and SNAP (food stamps) is extremely limited, but there are a few important exceptions.
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🩺 Medicaid (and other health care options)
Most asylum seekers with pending applications are not eligible for regular Medicaid. However:
• Emergency Medicaid: Available regardless of immigration status. Covers emergency medical situations, including labor and delivery.
• State/local programs: A few states (like New York and California) have expanded healthcare access to low-income residents regardless of immigration status, including those with pending asylum claims. Texas does not currently offer this.
• Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs): Asylum seekers can get free or sliding-scale care at these clinics. This includes primary care, mental health services, and sometimes even dental care.
• Refugee Medical Assistance (RMA): Only available after asylum is granted, for up to 8 months.
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🥫 SNAP (Food Stamps)
• Asylum seekers with pending applications are not eligible for SNAP.
• They must wait until they are granted asylum to qualify.
• In the meantime, they may be able to receive food from:
• Local food pantries or community food banks
• Churches or non-profits that assist immigrants
• Some states have emergency food assistance programs that don’t require proof of immigration status, but Texas does not broadly offer this.
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✅ Other Assistance While Pending
• Work Authorization: After 150 days with a pending asylum application (and no delay caused by the applicant), they can apply for an Employment Authorization Document (EAD). Once they have this and start working, they can qualify for some state or local benefits based on income.
• Cash & Housing Aid: Some private organizations, faith-based groups, and non-profits offer limited financial or housing help regardless of immigration status.
Food stamp and Medicaid for asylum recipients
Yes, asylum seekers who have been granted asylum status in the United States are generally eligible for both Medicaid and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, commonly known as food stamps), provided they meet other program-specific criteria such as income and residency requirements.
Medicaid Eligibility for Asylees
Individuals granted asylum are considered “qualified non-citizens” and are exempt from the typical five-year waiting period that applies to many other immigrants. This means they can access Medicaid immediately upon receiving asylum status, assuming they meet other eligibility requirements like income limits and state residency .  
However, it’s important to note that Medicaid is administered at the state level, and eligibility criteria can vary. For instance, Texas has not expanded Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act, which means that many low-income adults without dependent children may not qualify, even if they are asylees . 
SNAP (Food Stamps) Eligibility for Asylees
Asylees are also eligible for SNAP benefits without a waiting period. They must meet the program’s financial and non-financial eligibility criteria, which include income and resource limits .  
Additional Considerations
• Emergency Medicaid: Regardless of immigration status, individuals may qualify for Emergency Medicaid to cover emergency medical conditions, including labor and delivery services. 
• State Variations: Since both Medicaid and SNAP are administered at the state level, specific eligibility criteria and application processes can vary. It’s advisable to consult the Texas Health and Human Services website or contact a local benefits office for detailed information pertinent to your situation.
• Public Charge Rule: Receiving Medicaid or SNAP benefits does not automatically make an individual a “public charge” for immigration purposes. However, it’s recommended to consult with an immigration attorney or accredited representative for personalized advice
Who doesn’t get the full value of the child tax credit
Approximately 17 million children in low-income families—about 25% of all U.S. children under age 17—receive no Child Tax Credit (CTC) or only a partial credit because their families earn too little to qualify for the full benefit.
hamiltonproject.org
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taxpolicycenter.org
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📊 Breakdown of Affected Families
No CTC at all: Roughly 2 million children (about 3% of U.S. children) live in families earning less than $2,500 annually. These families are ineligible for the refundable portion of the CTC, known as the Additional Child Tax Credit (ACTC).
taxpolicycenter.org
Partial CTC: An additional 15 million children (approximately 22%) reside in families with incomes above $2,500 but still not high enough to receive the full credit.
Phase-Out Thresholds for 2024 (filed in 2025):
Filing Status Phase-out Begins At Credit Fully Phased Out By (approx.)
Single $200,000 ~$240,000 (1 child)
Head of Household $200,000 ~$240,000
Married Filing Jointly $400,000 ~$440,000
For every $1,000 (or part of $1,000) over the threshold, your CTC is reduced by $50.
So the more children you have, the higher your income can be before the credit is fully eliminated.
Poverty line and child abise rates
(Data mostly from U.S. Department of Health & Human Services and peer-reviewed studies)
🔻 Families Below the Poverty Line:
• Rate of substantiated child maltreatment:
🟢 ~22–28 per 1,000 children per year
🔺 Families Above the Poverty Line:
• Rate of substantiated child maltreatment:
🔵 ~5–7 per 1,000 children per year
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📘 Key Source:
• Sedlak et al. (2010), Fourth National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect (NIS-4)
• Children in low-income households (income <$15,000) were over 5 times more likely to experience maltreatment compared to those in higher-income homes.
• U.S. DHHS, Child Maltreatment 2022 report:
• Confirms higher rates of CPS involvement and substantiation in lower-income families.
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⚠️ Caveats:
• Mandated reporter bias: Poor families are more visible to state agencies (e.g., schools, public aid offices), so maltreatment may be overdetected in low-income settings.
• Underreporting in wealthier families: Abuse is often underreported or hidden due to private schooling, access to legal resources, and social stigma
