science waves and sound

Question 1

the ability to do work

Answer 1

energy

Question 2

a disturbance that transfers energy from place to place

Answer 2

wave

Question 3

the material through which a wave travels

Answer 3

medium

Question 4

What is the medium for sound waves?

Answer 4

air

Question 5

What is the material through which water waves travel?

Answer 5

along the water surface

Question 6

Waves that travel through a medium are what kind of waves? Does the medium move with the mechanical wave?

Answer 6

mechanical waves - no

Question 7

Give an example of an electromagnetic wave that can travel through empty space.

Answer 7

light

Question 8

What type of wave can travel without a medium?

Answer 8

electromagnetic waves - light

Question 9

Why doesn’t the medium travel with the wave?

Answer 9

The wave transfers the energy to the medium’s particles.

Question 10

What is necessary to cause a wave?

Answer 10

energy causes a medium to vibrate

Question 11

What is vibration?

Answer 11

a repeated back and forth or up and down motion

Question 12

What are the two types of mechanical waves, and how are they classified?

Answer 12

transverse waves - - moves at right angles to the direction the wave is traveling
longitudinal waves - move parallel to direction wave is traveling

Question 13

What is the high point on a transverse wave?

Answer 13

crest

Question 14

What is the low point on a transverse wave?

Answer 14

trough

Question 15

What do we call the coils in a longitudinal wave that are closer together?

Answer 15

compressions

Question 16

What do we call the coils in a longitudinal wave that are further apart?

Answer 16

rarefactions

Question 17

Is sound a longitudinal or a transverse wave?

Answer 17

longitudinal

Question 18

What is amplitude of a transverse wave?

Answer 18

the height of the crest or the depth of a trough

Question 19

What is the amplitude of a longitudinal wave?

Answer 19

the density of the compression or how spread out the rarefaction

Question 20

What increases the amplitude of a wave?

Answer 20

energy

Question 21

What is the distance between two corresponding parts of a wave?
crest to crest or trough to trough or distance between compressions

Answer 21

wavelength

Question 22

the number of waves that pass a given point in a certain amount of time

Answer 22

frequency

Question 23

What unit is frequency measured in?

Answer 23

hertz (Hz), waves per second

Question 24

What is the relationship between speed, wavelength, and frequency

Answer 24

speed = wavelength X frequency

Question 25

What happens to the speed of a wave at a constant temperature and pressure if the medium doesn't change?

Answer 25

speed is constant

Question 26

when an object or a wave hits a surface through which it cannot pass it bounces back and is called what

Answer 26

reflection

Question 27

Give 2 examples of reflections.

Answer 27

ball bouncing off a wall | echo of sound

Question 28

What is the law of reflection?

Answer 28

angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection

Question 29

Where is the line of "normal?"

Answer 29

perpendicular

Question 30

What is the angle of incidence?

Answer 30

from the incoming wave to "normal"

Question 31

What is the angle of reflection?

Answer 31

from "normal" to the reflected wave

Question 32

What is refraction?

Answer 32

bending

Question 33

What causes waves to refract or bend?

Answer 33

when a wave enters a new medium at an angle and one side changes speed before the other side

Question 34

How is a rainbow an example of refraction?

Answer 34

The white light hits the water droplets and bends.

Question 35

What is it called when a wave moves around a barrier or through an opening in a barrier, it bends and spreads out?

Answer 35

diffraction

Question 36

the interaction of waves that meet

Answer 36

interference

Question 37

What are the two types of interference?

Answer 37

constructive - waves combine for a larger amplitude | destructive - waves combine for a smaller amplitude

Question 38

What is the new amplitude when two constructive waves meet?

Answer 38

sum of original amplitudes

Question 39

What is the new amplitude when two destructive waves meet?

Answer 39

difference between original amplitudes

Question 40

a wave that appears to be standing in one place, actually two waves interfering as they pass through each other

Answer 40

standing wave

Question 41

What are the points of zero amplitude on a standing wave?

Answer 41

nodes

Question 42

What are the points of maximum amplitude on a standing wave?

Answer 42

antinodes

Question 43

What spots are the points of maximum energy on a standing wave?

Answer 43

antinodes

Question 44

an increase in the amplitude of a vibration that occurs when external vibrations match an object's natural frequency

Answer 44

resonance

Question 45

When can resonance be good?

Answer 45

a musical instrument can make a fuller sound

Question 46

When can resonance be bad?

Answer 46

in an earthquake when the resonance causes more damage

Question 47

waves produced by earthquakes

Answer 47

seismic

Question 48

Name, and describe the three types of seismic waves.

Answer 48

P - primary - move faster - arrive first, made of compressions and rarefactions of molten rock S - secondary - transverse, shake ground up and down and side to side, don't travel through liquids surface waves - combination waves on surface, move most slowly, make ground roll

Question 49

Why can't S waves be seen on the other side of the Earth?

Answer 49

core is molten

Question 50

surface waves on the ocean

Answer 50

tsunamis

Question 51

What makes tsunamis so large?

Answer 51

Waves further back catch up as water gets more shallow

Question 52

tool for measuring seismic activity

Answer 52

seismograph - compare P and S waves and using at least three seismographs

Question 53

How do scientists use seismographs to find oil and other resources?

Answer 53

set off explosives and measure waves

Question 54

What do sound waves begin with?

Answer 54

vibration

Question 55

What type of wave is sound?

Answer 55

longitudinal wave

Question 56

What is a reflected sound wave?

Answer 56

echo

Question 57

What factors affect the speed of sound?

Answer 57

elasticity, density, and temperature of the medium

Question 58

ability of a material to bounce back after being disturbed

Answer 58

elasticity

Question 59

Why does sound travel better in solids than in liquids or gases?

Answer 59

more elastic

Question 60

how much matter or mass is in a given volume

Answer 60

density

Question 61

The more dense a material of the same state, the (faster or slower) sound travels.

Answer 61

slower

Question 62

What does temperature do to the speed of sound? Why?

Answer 62

travels more slowly at lower temperatures because particles are moving more slowly

Question 63

Who was the first person to break the sound barrier? How did he do it?

Answer 63

Captain Chuck Yeager - went to a higher altitude where sound travels more slowly

Question 64

your perception of the energy of a sound

Answer 64

loudness

Question 65

What two factors affect loudness?

Answer 65

energy it takes to make the sound (amplitude) and distance from the source of the sound

Question 66

the amount of energy a sound wave carries per second through a unit area - why does this decrease with distance

Answer 66

intensity - sound waves spread out

Question 67

the unit used to measure the loudness of a sound

Answer 67

decibels (dB)

Question 68

the frequency of a sound wave

Answer 68

pitch - high or low sounds

Question 69

Within what decibel range can most people hear?

Answer 69

20-20,000Hz

Question 70

What do we call frequencies above and below our range of hearing?

Answer 70

ultrasonic - above | infrasonic - below

Question 71

your voice box

Answer 71

larynx

Question 72

What vibrates inside your voice box?

Answer 72

vocal cords

Question 73

What happens to the vocal cords to change the pitch of a sound?

Answer 73

tighten or relax

Question 74

the phenomenon where a moving sound causes the frequency to change

Answer 74

Doppler Effect

Question 75

the loud noise when a plane breaks the sound barrier and sound waves overlap

Answer 75

sonic boom

Question 76

a set of notes in a pleasing pattern

Answer 76

music

Question 77

the lowest natural frequency of an object

Answer 77

fundamental tone

Question 78

the objects higher natural frequencies beyond its fundamental tone

Answer 78

overtones

Question 79

What determines the loudness of the overtones in a musical instrument?

Answer 79

shape and material

Question 80

What are the three basic groups of musical instruments?

Answer 80

string - strings vibrate wind - brass (lips vibrate on mouthpiece) and woodwind (reed vibrates) to move a column of air - longer columns make a lower note percussion - vibrate when struck - pitch depends on size, material, and tension

Question 81

the study of how sounds interact with one another and the environment

Answer 81

acoustics

Question 82

when the echoes of a sound are heard after the sound source stops

Answer 82

reverberation

Question 83

How are acoustics used in the design of concert halls?

Answer 83

to control reverberation and interference

Question 84

What does the outer ear do to sound?

Answer 84

funnels it

Question 85

the tube from the outer ear to the eardrum

Answer 85

ear canal

Question 86

the stretched membrane at the end of the ear canal

Answer 86

eardrum

Question 87

What makes up the middle ear?

Answer 87

three bones - hammer, anvil, and stirrup

Question 88

the fluid-filled snail-shaped chamber in the inner ear

Answer 88

cochlea

Question 89

What structures in the cochlea of the inner ear move to hear?

Answer 89

hair cells

Question 90

What can cause hearing loss?

Answer 90

injury, infection, aging, and exposure to loud sounds

Question 91

What is the most common kind of hearing loss as hair cells die and are not replaced

Answer 91

loss of high frequency sounds

Question 92

some animals, including bats and dolphins

Answer 92

echolocation

Question 93

Bats and dolphins use what type of sound for echolocation?

Answer 93

ultrasonic

Question 94

How do dolphins sense the reflected sound waves?

Answer 94

their jaw bones

Question 95

How do bats sense reflected sound waves?

Answer 95

their ears

Question 96

a system employed by humans to use reflected sound waves to locate objects underwater

Answer 96

sonar - sound navigation and ranging

Question 97

What is sonar used for?

Answer 97

mapping ocean floor, finding sunken ships, determining depth

Question 98

How does sonar work?

Answer 98

the longer it takes sound to bounce back, the farther away the object

Question 99

sound imaging techniques in the body

Answer 99

sonogram, ultrasound