Screening for Referral

Question 1

what regions of the body may systemic disease refer to?

Answer 1

1. Back
2. Shoulder
3. neck
4. chest/ribs/
5. hip/groin
6. sacrum/pelvis

Question 2

what are the 3 options that PTs have after each patient encounter?

Answer 2

1. Treat the patient
2. Refer the patient
3. Treat and refer

Question 3

what are the 5 steps of the Goodman Screening Model?

Answer 3

1. Client history
2. Assessing for risk factors
3. Clinical presentation
   
   • pain types/pain patterns
4. Associated signs and symptoms of systemic disease
5. Review of systems

Question 4

How do you determine if a patient presenting with 1 or more red flags needs to be referred to a physician?

Answer 4

if there is a pattern (cluster of 2-3 symptoms) that suggests viscerogenic or systemic origin to their plan

Question 5

T/F: the presence of 1 red flag is enough to warrant a referral to a physican

Answer 5

FALSE

it is not as concerning it may just merit a discussion with their physician or keep in their mind

Question 6

define constitutional symptoms

Answer 6

group of non-specific symptoms that can relate to many different systems within the body and aren’t related to any one thing

Question 7

list various constitutional symptoms

Answer 7

1. fever
2. diaphoresis
3. chills
4. sweats (night or day)
5. appepitie loss
6. N/V/D
7. pallor
8. dizziness/syncope (fainting)
9. faitigue/malaise/weakness
10. weight loss

Question 8

List examples of red flags in history

Answer 8

1. age over 40
2. personal or family history of cancer
3. no known cause, unknown etiology, insidious onset
4. recent report of confusion or increased confusion could be a neurologic sign, drug-induced, result of abuse or assult
5. recent (last 6 weeks) infection especially when followed by neurologic symptoms 1-3 weeks later, joint pain or back pain
6. recurrent colds or flu with cyclical pattern
7. recent history of trauma in adult with osteopenia/osteoporosis
8. history of immunosuppression
9. history of injection drug use

Question 9

differentiate from a sign and a symptom

Answer 9

1. signs are observable
2. symptoms are reported and percieved by the patient but cannot be observed by someone else

Question 10

describe a systems review

Answer 10

a brief or limited exam of the anatomic and physiologic status of the cardiovascular/pulmonary, integumentary, MSK, and neuromuscular systems

also includes assessment of pts communcication ability, affect, cognition, language and learning style

Question 11

describe a review of systems

Answer 11

categorize all compliants and associated signs and symptoms and determine if they pertain to a specific system

ask all patients general, integumentary and musculoskeletal/neurologic questions sets

Question 12

what are the 4 red flag factors found to be informative for vertebral fractures?

Answer 12

1. prolonged steroid use
2. age >70
3. significant trauma
4. female