Séance 10 Flashcards

(14 cards)

1
Q

Quelles sont les trois caractéristiques communes des théories de la consistence des attitudes?

A
  1. Each describes the conditions for equilibrium and disequilibrium among cognitive elements ;
  2. Each asserts that disequilibrium motivates the person to restore consistency among the elements ;
  3. Each describes procedures by which equilibrium might be accomplished.
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2
Q

Comment fonctionne la théorie de la balance ?

A

Balance = a harmonious, quiescent state in which all of the elements appeared to the individual to be internally consistent, the most pleasant, desirable, stable, and expected state of relationships among any set of elements to which a person attended. People tend to assume and prefer balanced over imbalanced relations among elements

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3
Q

Combien de configurations possibles entre les trois éléments cognitifs (p-o-x) ?

A

Eight possible configurations that can exist among three cognitive elements

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4
Q

Vrai ou faux : When the product is -1, the system of elements is balanced; When the product is +1, the system is imbalanced.

A

Faux

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5
Q

Quelles sont les trois manières principales permettent de rétablir l’équilibre dans une triade d’éléments ?

A
  1. Changer le signe d’une relation (ex. changer ton opinion sur quelque chose/quelqu’un) ;
  2. Remplacer une relation par une relation neutre (cela modifie la structure du système et donc la manière dont l’équilibre est perçu) ;
  3. Différencier les attributs positifs et négatifs d’un objet ou d’une personne (tu peux nuancer ton opinion pour faire cohabiter des sentiments contradictoires).
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6
Q

Qu’est-ce qui différencie la théorie de la congruité de la théorie de la balance?

A

balance theory = no provisions for degrees of liking/belongingness between elements, a positive p-o sentiment is scored +1 (whether the couple are casual friends or madly in love) => Congruity theory makes predictions about the changes in p-x and p-o relations as a result of specifying the o-x relation

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7
Q

Définit la dissonance

A

A motivational state that energizes and directs behavior (comparaison avec la faim : dissonance est autant motivant ; successful reduction of dissonance is rewarding in the same sense that eating when one is hungry is rewarding) Cognitive dissonance will give rise to activity oriented toward reducing/eliminating the dissonance

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8
Q

Quelles sont les 3 méthodes pour se débarrasser de la dissonance ?

A
  1. Change one of the elements to make two elements more consonant
  2. Addition of consonant cognitions
  3. Changing the importance of the cognitions
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9
Q

Quels sont les contextes décisionnels qui activent (“arouse”) la dissonance ? (3)

A

In decision making, dissonance is aroused to the extent that the decision…
… is important to the person ;
… means giving up relatively attractive features of the unchosen alternative or accepting unattractive features of the chosen alternative ;
… concerns alternatives that are dissimilar in their attributes but similar in their desirability

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10
Q

Quelles sont les méthodes pour réduire la dissonance ? (4)

A
  1. revoking the decision ;
  2. increasing the attractiveness of the chosen alternative ;
  3. decreasing the attractiveness of the unchosen alternative ;
  4. viewing the consequences of the alternatives as similar.
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11
Q

Explique le phénomène de la justification insuffisante

A

A cognition following from another cannot be explained or justified by either the preceding or any other apparent cognition

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12
Q

Quels sont les 3 cas où la dissonance ne survient PAS ?

A

Dans le cas où une personne …
… justifie son action en mentionnant qu’elle n’avait pas le choix ;
… exécute son action dissonante en privée, sans que personne ne le sache ;
… considère que son action n’aura pas de conséquence négative sur autrui.

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13
Q

Définit la réactance psychologique

A

Tout individu croit pouvoir disposer librement de ses choix en ce qui concerne les attitudes, opinions, comportements, modes de vie, etc.

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14
Q

Vrai ou faux : En comm persuasive, la réactance psychologique mène généralement les individus à rejeter complètement le message et/ou la source de celui-ci en ressentant de la colère et en contre-argumentant

A

Vrai

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