Seasons/Solar energy Flashcards
(156 cards)
1
Q
temperature is what kind of measurement
A
average kinetic energy
2
Q
true or false
temperature HAS an upper limit
A
FALSE, there is no upper limit
3
Q
what is the lowest temperature can reach
A
-273.15 Degrees Celcius
4
Q
what is absolute zero
A
the lowest temp can go
5
Q
what value does absolute zero reflect
A
0 K
6
Q
how warm or cold is based on what
A
the molecular level and movement of molecules
7
Q
what are 3 different classifications of temp
A
- Fahrenheit
- Celsius
- Kalvin
8
Q
which scale of temp is NOT a precise scale
A
Fahrenheit
9
Q
which scale of temp is the EASIEST to follow in science
A
Celcius
10
Q
why is Celcius an easier scale to follow in science
A
it has a more natural origin (at zero)
11
Q
does 1 degree Celcius equal 1 degree Fahrenheit
A
NO
12
Q
what is the Kalvin scale used
A
for radiation calculations
13
Q
does 1 Degrees Kalvin equal 1 Degrees Celcius
A
YES
14
Q
where does the Kalvin scale start
A
0 K or absolute zero
15
Q
what does temp have to do with
A
the states of matter
16
Q
what are the states of matter
A
- solid
- liquid
- gas
- plasma
17
Q
plasma is essentially a
A
super heated gas with electrically charged particles in it
18
Q
what is important about states of matter
A
it helps us to understand what’s happening on Earth
19
Q
what are two global energy systems
A
exogenetic energy
endogenetic energy
20
Q
what box does exogenetic energy and endogenetic energy fit into
A
black box
21
Q
true or false
Exogenetic energy makes up the vast majority of what we interact with
A
TRUE
22
Q
where does exogenetic energy mostly come from
A
the sun
23
Q
endogenetic energy comes from
A
radioactive decay deep within Earth’s core
24
Q
how does the sun make energy
A
by transforming lighter elements into heavier elements
25
example of the sun transforming elements
turning hydrogen into helium
26
what powers the sun
conversion of matter
27
what is the ball at the center of Earth doing
it's producing heat
28
what is a by-product of radioactive decay
HEAT
29
Endogenic movements are caused by
movement of the lithospheric plates
30
what drives lithospheric plates
convection currents
31
true or false
the convection currents driving endogenetic energy forms the ozone layer
TRUE
32
first law of thermodynamics
energy cannot be created or destroyed but it CAN be transformed
33
Second law of thermodynamics
1. heat can never pass spontaneously from a COLDER to a HOTTER body
2. temp change can NEVER occur spontaneously in a body at UNIFORM temp
34
according to the second law of thermodynamics, heat can pass from a colder to hotter body spontaneously
FALSE
35
three types of heat energy
1. radiation
2. conduction
3. convection
36
radiation is energy that can
pass through the vacuum of space
37
true or false
radiation travels at the speed of light
TRUE
38
what form does radiation come in
short or long waves
39
convection is the movement of heat
in fluids or gases
40
conduction is the movement of heat
in soilds
41
what is more conductive
water or air
WATER
42
a better conductor means
it can move heat well
43
electromagnetic spectrum
wavelength of ALL possible wavelengths of electromagnetic enegry
44
wavelength
the distance between corresponding points on any 2 successive waves of energy
45
what two points are wavelengths measured at
crests and troughs
46
what wavelength is the sun's energy emitted at
1. visible light
2. infrared wavelengths
47
what is an important physical law about radiation
all objects radiate energy in wavelengths related to their individual surface temps
48
all objects radiate energy in wavelengths related to their individual
surface temps
49
what is the sun's surface temp
about 6000 K
50
what is the shortest wavelength
gamma rays
51
what is the longest wavelength
radio waves
52
what wavelength is very radioactive and dangerous
gamma rays
53
order of the electromagnetic spectrum
1. gamma rays
2. x rays
3. ultra-violet
4. visible
5. infrared radiation
6. microwave
7. radio wave
54
what law does this describe
how much energy is emitted
black bodies and the Stefan-Boltzmann Law
55
what law does this describe
the characteristics of the energy emitted
Wien's Displacement Law
56
what law does this describe
reduction in intensity of the energy with distance
Inverse square law
57
black bodies
idealized physical body that absorbs ALL electromagnetic radiation falling on it
58
true or false
black bodies do NOT reflect any energy
TRUE
59
what are examples of black bodies
sun and earth
60
the Sun's radiated energy is in _____ wavelengths
short
61
the Earth's radiated energy is in _____ wavelengths
Long
62
what wavelength is the Sun's energy concentrated in
visible wavelengths
63
what wavelength is the Earth's energy concentrated in
infrared wavelengths
64
Stefan-Boltzmann law is about
the intensity of radiation
65
what is important for the Stefan-Boltzmann law
temperature
66
at a hotter temperature, what happens to radiation (Stefan-Boltzmann Law)
there would be more radiation produced
67
at a colder temperature, what happens to radiation (Stefan-Boltzmann Law)
there would be less radiation produced
68
Wien's Displacement law
the characteristics of radiation (wavelength)
69
true or false
Wien's Displacement Law helps us understand characteristics of radiation
TRUE
70
True or false
anything with temp produces radiation
TRUE
71
according to Wein's displacement law, a hotter temp will have _____ wavelength
shorter
72
according to Wein's displacement law, a colder temp will have _____ wavelength
long
73
the inverse square law explains
the amount of solar radiation we see/is absorbed
74
what happens to the amount of radiation absorbed when it is FARTHER from the source
there will be less absorbed
75
what happens to the amount of radiation absorbed when it is CLOSER to the source
there will be more absorbed
76
thermopause
outer boundary of the Earth's energy system
77
what is the distance of the theromopause
480 km
78
true or false
the Earth absorbs LOTS of the Sun's total energy output
FALSE, it only absorbs about 2%
79
insolation
the total solar radiation intercepted by the Earth
80
the solar constant
average isolation received at the thermopause when Earth is at the average distance from the sun
81
what is the solar constant
1372 Watts per meter squared
82
what angle is the solar constant measured at
90 degree angle
83
what is the result of the different angles solar rays meet the surface at each latitude
uneven distribution of isolation and heating
84
true or false
the solar rays reach the surface at the SAME angle for every lattitude
fLASE
85
sub-solar point
the only points where isolation arrives perpendicular to the surface
86
the sub-solar point will receive _______ amount of sunlight
MOST
87
where is the sub-solar point ONLY occurring
at the lower latitudes
88
what happens to the energy received at the sub-solar point
it would be more concentrated
89
true or false
the thermopause above the equatorial region receives more insolation annually than the poles
TRUE
90
the tropics are between which lines
1. tropic of Cancer
2. Tropic of Capricorn
91
is the Tropic of cancer north or south
north
92
is the Tropic of Capricorn north or south
south
93
does the location of the subsolar point move between 23.5 N and 23.5 S during the year
YES
94
describe the energy absorbed in the extratropical regions
it is more diffused and covers large area
95
net radiation
balance between incoming short-wave energy from the sun and all outgoing long-wave energy from the Earth
96
why do oceans have high levels of radiation
1. absorb lots of radiation
2. not very reflective
97
why do the poles have low levels of radiation
1. ice/snow reflects radiation
2. not a lot there to absorb long wavelengths
98
short wave radiation is very _____
hot
99
long wave radiation is very _____
cold
100
two types of radiated fluxes
1. short wave fluxes
2. long wave fluxes
101
short wave fluxes come from
the sun
102
are there short wave fluxes at night
NO, there is no sun
103
output shot wave fluxes are due to
reflections/aldebo
104
long wave fluxes come from
the earth
105
long wave directed up come from
anything on earth
106
long wave directed down come from
the atmosphere
107
what are the reasons for seasons
1. sun's altitude above horizon
2. sun's declination
3. daylength during the year
108
HOW are seasons created
1. Earth's revolution
2. earth's rotation
3. earth's tilted axis
4. sphericity
5. axial parallelism
109
seasonal variations are a response to
changes in the sun's altitude
110
sun's altitude
angle between the horizon and the sun
111
sun's declination
the latitude of the sub-solar point
112
what degrees of latitude does the sun's declination move through
47 degrees of latitude
113
why is the Sun's declination 47 degrees of latitude
it travels 23.5 degrees to reach its max distance and another 23.5 to reach its minimum distance
114
what causes day length
the duration of exposure to insolation
115
day length depends on
latitude
116
true or false
the equator always receives EQUAL hours of day and night
TRUE
117
revolution
earth's travel around the sun
118
what determines the time required for ONE revolution
earth's speed along with its distanece
119
how long does the earth complete its revolution
in 365.24 days
120
was the time it takes earth to revolve the sun ALWAYS the same
no, its slowing down
121
rotation
time to turn on an axis
122
what determines daylength
rotation
123
what creates the apparent deflection of winds and ocean currents
rotation
124
what produces the twice-daily rise and fall of ocean tides
earth's rotation
125
how long does it take earth to rotate
slightly less than 24 hours
126
what direction does earth rotate when viewed from ABOVE the equator
eastwar (west TO east)
127
what causes the solar movement from sunrise to sunset
the direction of earth's roatation eastward
128
circle of illumination
the dividing line between day and night
129
what is the exception to all latitudes experiences uneven day length through the seasons
1. the equator
2. vernal and autumnal equinoxes
130
what is Earth's Axial tilt about
23.5 degrees
131
scientific evidence shows that Earth's axial angle is ______
lessening
132
axial parallelism
unchanging axial alignment
133
what shows the migration of the Sun's solar point
tropics of cancer and capricorn
134
when is the winter solstice
December
135
the winter solstice has the ______ daylight
least
136
solstices show
longest and shortest days of the year
137
the sub-solar point at the tropic of cancer is assocaited with the ______ solstice
summer
138
the sub-solar point at the tropic of Capricorn is assocaited with the ______ solstice
winter
139
the vernal equinox is the
spring equinox
140
what equinox does this describe
the sub-solar point begins in the southern hemisphere and moves to the northern hemisphere
vernal (spring) equinox
141
what equinox does this describe
the sub-solar point begins in the northern hemisphere and moves to the southern hemisphere
autumnal (fall) equinox
142
where must the sub-solar point be located to be one of the equinoxes
at the EQUATOR
143
when is the arctic circle in 100% daylight
summer solstice
144
when is the arctic circle in 100% darkness
winter solstice
145
when is the longest day of the year
summer solstice
146
1
vernal (spring equinox)
147
2
winter solstice
148
3
autumnal equinox
149
4
summer solstice
150
what is another word for reflectivity
albedo
151
albedo
the proportion of incoming short wave radiation that is reflected
152
high albedos
the most radiation is reflected (high reflection)
153
low albedos
the most radiation is ABSORBED (less reflection)
154
example of high albedos
1. snow and ice
155
example of low albedos
asphalt
156
is an ocean high or low albedo
LOW
