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Physical Geography 1000 > Geomorphology > Flashcards

Geomorphology Flashcards

1
Q

terrestrial plants are (4)

A
  1. Mercury
  2. Venus
  3. Mars
  4. Earth
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2
Q

Jovian (AKA gas giants) are

A
  1. Jupiter
  2. Saturns
  3. Uranus
  4. Neptune
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3
Q

Uniformitarianism

A

processes that are happening today occurred in the same way in the past.

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4
Q

is this uniformitarianism or catastrophism
Key to the past is the present

A

uniformitarianism

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5
Q

is this uniformitarianism or catastrophism
earth is young

A

Catastrophism

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6
Q

is this uniformitarianism or catastrophism
Earth is old

A

uniformitarianism

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7
Q

catastrophism

A

earth is formed through unique supernatural means and affected by a series of catastrophes

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8
Q

earth is _____ years old

A

4.6 billion

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9
Q

periods of time from greatest to smallest

A
  1. eons
  2. eras
  3. periods
  4. epochs
  5. ages
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10
Q

eons

A

hundreds of millions to billions of years

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11
Q

eras

A

many millions of years

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12
Q

periods

A

millions of years

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13
Q

epochs

A

few million years

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14
Q

ages

A

thousands of years

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15
Q

what’s period are we in

A

Holocene

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16
Q

periods are divided by

A

mass extinction events

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17
Q

endogenic vs exogenic

A

endogenic
builds things up

exogenic
breaks things down to SEA LEVEL

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18
Q

where does exogenic process break things down to

A

SEAL LEVEL

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19
Q

examples of exogenic

A
  1. weathering
  2. mass movements
  3. erosions
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20
Q

examples of endogenic

A
  1. rock formations
  2. plate tectonics
  3. isostatic adjustments
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21
Q

what would earth look like with ONLY endogenic processes

A

very high and flat

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22
Q

what would earth look like with ONLY exogenic processes

A

very low with lots of bumps

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23
Q

what creates our topology

A

both endogenic and exogenic

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24
Q

a planet is a _______ body

A

celestial

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25
Q

what defines a planet

A
  1. an orbit around a sun
  2. has sufficient mass to assume hydrostatic equilibrium (a nearly round shape)
  3. has “cleared the neighbourhood” around its orbit
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26
Q

the three dwarf planets are

A

Ceres
Pluto
2003 UB313

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27
Q

what separates terrestrial and jovian planets

A

asteroid belt

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28
Q

terrestrial or jovian planets
smaller

A

terrestrial

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29
Q

terrestrial or jovian planets
larger

A

jovian

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30
Q

jovian or terrestrial planets
closest to sun

A

terrestrial

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31
Q

jovian or terrestrial planets
farthest from sun

A

jovian

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32
Q

parts of Earth’s interior

A
  1. Solid inner core
  2. Liquid outer core
  3. Solid lower mantle
  4. partially molten upper mantle
  5. crust
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33
Q

what layer of the earth’s interior has the LARGEST radius

A

Solid inner core

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34
Q

what element makes up the solid inner core and the liquid outer core

A

iron

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35
Q

what makes up the mantle

A

solid lower mantle and the partially molten upper mantle

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36
Q

A

A

Inner core

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37
Q

B

A

outer core

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38
Q

C

A

mantle

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39
Q

D

A

crust

40
Q

have natural catastrophes played some role in the formation of landforms

A

YES

41
Q

how is Earth formed

A

through gradual processes, punctuated by dramatic events (volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, landslides…)

42
Q

uniformitarianism vs catastrophism
processes take time to form earth

A

uniformitarianism

43
Q

uniformitarianism vs catastrophism
catastrophic events form earth

A

catastrophism

44
Q

who supported uniformitarianism

A
  1. Darwin
  2. Lyell
  3. Hutton
45
Q

who supported catastrophism

A

Cuvier

46
Q

what period of time is associated with distinct fossil records

A

eras

47
Q

what period of time is associated with distinct rock units

A

periods

48
Q

why do we use such large periods like eons

A

because there are long stretches in earth’s history where nothing really happened

49
Q

what produces distinct fossilis

A

evolution

50
Q

did the oceans, continents and atmosphere form slow or fast

A

very slow and over long time

51
Q

is earth’s crust (surface) constantly changing or is it static

A

ongoing state of change

52
Q

two types of processes

A
  1. endogenic process
  2. exogenic process
53
Q

endogenic or exogenic
internal system

A

endogenic

54
Q

endogenic or exogenic
external system

A

exogenic

55
Q

what powers endogenic processes

A

radioactive decay deep within earth

56
Q

what powers exogenic processes

A

solar energy

57
Q

endogenic or exogenic
flows of heat and material from below earth’s crust

A

endogenic

58
Q

endogenic or exogenic
motion of air, water and ice to modify surfaces

A

exogenic

59
Q

radiative decay

A

turns one unstable element into another more stable element

60
Q

where does heat migrate in endogenic systems

A

from the center by conduction and convection

61
Q

what creates the magnetic field

A

convection and conduction currents deep within core of earth

62
Q

outermost layer of earth

A

crust

63
Q

describe the crust

A
  1. outermost rigid layer
  2. has varying thickness (but relatively thin)
64
Q

two types of the crust

A
  1. continental crust
  2. oceanic crust
65
Q

what type of crust has the highest density and why

A

ocean (3.0 g per cm3) - water has more pressure then air does (forces the same amount of particles into a smaller density)

66
Q

what type of crust has a lower density

A

continental (2.7 g per cm3)

67
Q

what stone makes up the continental crust

A

granite

68
Q

what stone makes up the oceanic crust

A

basalt

69
Q

the mantle is mostly ______ (liquid or solid)

A

solid

70
Q

where do temp and pressure increase in the mantle and why

A

towards the center - the deeper you go into the earth the more temp there is and the more mass above your

71
Q

where does energy transfer move in the mantle

A

towards surface - energy is lower near the surface

72
Q

asthenosphere

A

partial melting zone which allows the continents to move

73
Q

where is the asthenosphere zone located

A

in the mantle

74
Q

why is the mantle MOSTLY solid

A

because the outer portion holds the continents which can floaontop

75
Q

the interior (core) is _____

A

layered

76
Q

what are the layers of the core

A
  1. inner core
  2. outer core
77
Q

the inner core is _____

A

solid iron

78
Q

why does the inner core remain solid

A

because of the high pressure, it won’t melt despite the high temp

79
Q

outer core is _____

A

molten iron

80
Q

is the inner core solid or liquid

A

solid

81
Q

is the outer core solid or liquid

A

liquid

82
Q

outer core

A
  1. molten iron
  2. lighter density
83
Q

why is the outer core molten and not solid

A

because it has a lower pressure which causes it to melt under the high temps

84
Q

what does earth’s magnetism make

A

magnetic field

85
Q

what generates the magnetic field and magnetosphere

A

fluid outer core

86
Q

what produces magnetic energy

A
  1. thermal energy
  2. gravitational energy
87
Q

true or false
the north magnetic pole does not move

A

false - it does move

88
Q

what is a geomagnetic reversal

A

when the polarity of the magnetic field reverses

89
Q

importance of the geomagnetic reversal

A

allows us to date rocks because we have a time scale for these events

90
Q

average period of geomagnetic reversal

A

500 000 years but it VARIES

91
Q

the geological cycle includes both

A

endogenic and exogenic systems

92
Q

what system ERODES LANDFORMS

A

exogenic

93
Q

what system BUILDS landforms

A

endogenic

94
Q

what is the geological cycle tied to

A
  1. hydrological cycle
  2. rock cycle
  3. tectonic cycle
95
Q

what is involved in the tectonic cycle

A
  1. heat, energy and material cycling
96
Q

what are exogenic and endogenic processes

A

uniformitarianism

Physical Geography 1000 (21 decks)

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