Sebastian and Hernandez - Gil Flashcards
what memory models does this experiment focus on ?
multi store
working memory
what part of the working memory model does the study specifically focus on ?
phonological loop
what is the phonological loop ?
consists of phonological store and subvocal rehearsal
what is the phonological store ?
where we retain verbal information
what is subvocal rehearsal ?
the process of silently repeating information like words or numbers to help remember it
what are the aims of the study ?
- analyze how the phonological loop develops in children from 5-17 years old
- look at the decline in memory from older people with dementia
- compare anglo saxon to spanish speaking participants go see who has better short term memory
for aim 1, what was the sample ?
570 spanish children between ages 5-17
volunteers from various schools in madrid
none of the participants repeated a school year and had difficulties reading writing or hearing
what are the strengths and weaknesses of the sample ?
good mixture of male and female participants - well balanced
wide age range
all volunteers do more extroverted = less generalizable
no one who struggled in reading participated, not representative of whole society
only in madrid = ethnocentric - not generalizable
why was it important that none of the participants repeated a school year or had difficulty reading writing or hearing ?
it eliminates some participant variables
what was the procedure (aim 1)
- participants were tested individually during break times at school
- each participant was given a digit span memory test
- maximum number of digits they could correctly recall in the right order was their result
what was the digit span memory test ?
- participants heard a sequence of numbers read out loud at 1 numbers per second
- after hearing sequence participants had to repeat back the numbers they had heard in the right order
- each time a participant correctly repeated the sequence
- another digit was added and the participant tried again
- participants kept going until they could no longer recall the digits they heard
- the participants maximum digit span was their result
what were the results of aim 1
as the participants got older their digit span increased
what was the similar study which involved spanish children called ?
WISC-IV - Welchsler intelligencecsrle from children IV
what test did the WISC - IV do ?
an intelligence test which also tested participants digit spans
why do the results of WISC - IV make digit span results more reliable ?
because they were similar = improves reliability
what can we conclude about aim 1 about how she affects capacity of our phonological store ?
the capacity of our phonological store increases and develops as we get older
how is the conclusion of the study aim 1 supported by the findings of the WISC IV study ?
the results of the study are similar and support the same conclusion
what was the sample
in aim 2 of the experiment ?
older people split into 3 groups -
- healthy older people
- older people with alzheimer’s dementia
- older people with fronto temporal dementia
which age range from aim 1 did the aim 2 results most similar to ?
7-8 year olds
what does aim 2 tell us about our phonological loop when we become elderly ?
as we get older our phonological loop capacity decreases
how do healthy older people compare to the participants with dementia ?
there isn’t a big difference = stm doesn’t affect people with dementia
what is aim 3 of the experiment sample ?
- spanish participants
what did aim 3
show about the digit span with spanish participants
it increases with age up to 17 years old
what did aim 3 show when spanish and english speaking participants results were
compared?
both spanish and english speaking participants aged 4-5 showed similar digit spans
differences appeared at age 7+ english speakers could remember 1 digit more than spanish speakers
