Section 1 Flashcards
pH of arterial plasma
7.35-7.45
pH of extracellular fluid
6.8-7.8
pH within cells
6.9-7.4
If pH<pKa, then what form predominates?
acid
If pH>pKa, then what form predominates?
basic
what is the buffer system of blood?
bicarbonate
What is the intracellular buffer system?
phosphate
What is this condition?
increase in partial pressure of CO2
resipratory acidosis
What is this condition?
decrease in partial pressure of CO2
respiratory alkalosis
What is this condition?
decrease in HCO3- concentration
metabolic acidosis
What is this condition?
increase in HCO3- concentration
metabolic alkalosis
What condition is due to decrease in lung function and how will the body do to compensate?
Respiratory Acidosis
- kidneys will try to compensate by increasing bicarbonate
- all compensatory reaction by the kidneys will take several days
What condition is due to hyperventilation and what will the body do to compensate?
Respiratory Alkalosis
- kidneys will try to compensate by excreting bicarbonate in urine
What condition can be caused by decreased kidney function or body trying to compensate for an already existing acidosis, such as DKA? How will the body try to compensate?
Metabolic Acidosis
- lungs will attempt to compensate by “blowing off” CO2
- this effect will take place within minutes and complete within 12 - 24 hours
What condition can be caused by an excess administration of bicarbonate or loss of H+ (from prolonged vomiting or use of diurectics)? How will the body compensate?
Metabolic Alkalosis
- lungs will attempt to compensate by breathing less (hypoventilation), trying to keep as much CO2 as possible
What type of protein structure is this?
structure results from hydrogen bonding interactions between C=O and H-N of the backbone
Secondary structure
What type of protein structure is this?
subunits associate with each other through non-covalent interactions?
quaternary
What type of protein structure is this?
sequence of amino acid residues in a polypeptide chaing
- determines 3-D structure and biological function of the protein
primary
What type of protein structure is this?
non-covalent interactions are the major element in formation of this structure (H-bonding, hydrophobic forces and van der Waal’s)
tertiary
What type of enzyme is this?
catalyzes cleavage of bonds with water
hydrolases
Ex. glucosidases, ATPases
What type of enzyme is this?
catalyzes redox reactions, transfer of electrons
oxidoreductase
Ex. NAD+»NADH
What type of enzyme is this?
catalyzes transfer of functional groups
transferases
Ex. kinases, aminotransferases
What type of enzyme is this?
catalyzes formation of bonds between carbons and other atoms
ligases
Ex. synthase, synthetase, carboxylase
What type of enzyme is this?
cleaves bonds without water
lyases
Ex. aldose B
