Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Study notes > section 2 > Flashcards

section 2 Flashcards

(86 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Response versus behavior

A

Behavior is a larger set/class of responses that share physical dimensions- like hand flapping

Response as a single instance of behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Response class

A

A group of behaviors that comprising operant they have the same function

similar behaviors that are strengthened or weakened collectively as a result of operant conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Repertoire

A

All the behaviors you can do

Your knowledge and skills

Ex… shut the hell
Up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Environment

A

A complex dynamic universe of events that differs from instance to Instance

Evokes bx and follows bx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stimuli

A

Physical events that affect the behavior of an individual

Maybe internal or External

Energy change that affects an organism through it’s receptor cells

Can happen prior to, during, or after a behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Three types of nervous systems

A

PIE

Proprioceptive- joints, tendons, muscles- needed for balance or movement

Interoceptive- organs

Exteroceptive- 5 senses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Stimulus class

A

Group of antecedent stimuli that has common effect on an operants class

Evoke or abate the same behavior or response class but may vary across physical dimensions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 types of stimulus classes

A

FIT for the fun

Formal - physical features of stimuli (topography) size, color location etc….

Temporal- refers to time
Changes that exist or occur prior to the behavior of interest and stimulus changes that follow a behavior of interest

Functional- understood best through their effects (function) on the behavior
Ex. Hearing a buzz mean text message on phone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Feature stimulus class

A 
Can share
Common topographies 
Common relative relations 
Infinite number of stimuli 
Developed through stimulus generalization

Concept of dog, house , tree etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Arbitrary stimulus class

A

Random

Evoke the same response but do not share a common stimulus feature
Fruit- apple banana etc….I
QtQ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Consequences

A

Only affect future behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Formal stimulus class

A

Physical features of the stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Temporal stimulus class

A

Refers to time
Stimulus changes that exist or occur prior to the behavior and stimulus changes that follow a behavior

Antecedents/consequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Functional stimulus class

A

The effect of a he stimulus on the behavior

Like hearing a buzz May mean you have a text message

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Automaticity

A

Product of natural learning
A person doesn’t have to know what a consequence means for it to work

Operant conditioning occurs automatically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Automatic reinforcement AKAs

A

Sensory
Self stimulatory
Stereotypy

A=a
Auto=alone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Positive reinforcement

What type???

A

Type 1

Presentation of the stimulus Increases future frequency of behavior

Sr+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Positive punishment

What type??

A

Type 1

Decreases future frequency of behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Negative reinforcement

What type?

A

Type 2
Removal of stimulus Increases future frequency of behavior
Sr-

Tylenol for a headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Negative punishment

What type

A

Type 2

Decreases future frequency of behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Behavior contrast

A

When the rate of responding to a stimulus in one setting changes when the condition of reinforcement in the other setting gets modified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

5 types of positive reinforcers

A

EATSS

Edible 
Activity 
Tangible 
Social 
Sensory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

2 types of negative reinforcement

A

Escape

Avoidance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Escape

A

Response that stops an ongoing aversive stimulus

Walking out of a boring movie
Pull foot out of hot water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Avoidance
More common than escape | Prevents or postpones presentation of stimulus
26
2 types of avoidance
Discriminated avoidance Free operant avoidance
27
Discriminated avoidance
Signal prevents onset of a stimulus Warning or signal Checking traffic before getting on interstate
28
Free operant avoidance
No warning You just decide not to take interstate Your avoidance was few to happen at any time
29
Unconditioned reinforcer/reinforcement Aka
UCR Primary reinforcer Unlearned reinforcer
30
Unconditioned reinforcer/reinforcement
No learning history required Stimulus change that can increase the future frequency of behavior without pairing Phylogeny (genetics) Food water
31
Conditioned reinforcer/reinforcement AKAs
CR Secondary reinforcer Learned reinforcer
32
Conditioned reinforcer/reinforcement
When neutral stimulus squires ability as a reinforcer through stimulus stimulus pairing Ontogeny (learned) Tone presented when you get food- the tone then becomes CR
33
Generalized conditioned reinforcer | Aka
Generalized reinforcer | GCSR
34
Generalized conditioned reinforcer
Type of conditioned reinforcer that has been paired with many unconditioned and conditioned reinforcers GCSRs are likely to be reinforcing at any time Like money Like praise
35
Punishment AKAs
Sd- Sdp Sp Punishment based Sd
36
Punishment
Decreases future frequency of similar responses It’s not what it looks like but what it does to the behavior that matters - defined by function, not topography *effects of punishment can be temporary
37
Aversive stimulus
Unpleasant stimulus
38
5 types of positive punishment
ROSER ``` Reprimand Overcorrection Shock Exercise Response blocking ```
39
Overcorrection- 2 types
Restitutional overcorrection- pick up what you messed up but also more Positive practice overcorrection- repeat the correct form of the behavior over and over for a certain amount of time/number of times
40
Negative punishment akas
Type 2 punishment Penalty principal Penalty contingent
41
Response cost - 2 types
BF Bonus response cost- give additional contingent reinforcers and then take those away We get 15 mins on play ground- I give an extra 15 mins today and then those would be the minutes I would take back from the client Direct Fines- direct loss of free time You lose 5 mins of free time
42
Time out AKAs
Time out from positive reinforcement
43
Two times of time outs
Non exclusionary and exclusionary time out
44
Negative punishment procedures
Response cost and time out
45
Non exclusionary time out
The individual isis not removed from the space Preferred since it’s less restrictive
46
4 types of non exclusionary time out
IWOR I wor a ribbon Ignore/planned ignoring Withdraw of a specific positive reinforcer Observation/contingent observation Ribbon/time out ribbon - colored band around wrist- ribbon on = can earn reinforcement Ribbon off = can’t earn reinforcement
47
Exclusionary time out
Individual is removed from space
48
3 types of exclusionary time out
RPH Room/time out room (outside of normal environment) Partition time out (remains in room but view is restricted by wall/partition Hallway- sits out in the hall
49
Positive punishment vs. negative reinforcement
Positive punishment = aversive event is added Negative reinforcement= aversive event is removed
50
Unconditioned punishers/punishment | Aka
UCPs Primary punishers Unlearned punishers
51
Unconditioned punishers/punishment
No learning history required Decreases the frequency of the behavior Example- loud noise, hot temperature
52
Conditioned punishers/punishments | AKAs
CPs Secondary punishers Learned punishers
53
Conditioned punishers/punishment
Previously neutral stimulus now functions as a punisher because of pairing Product of ontogeny Tone paired with shock makes tone conditioned punisher
54
Generalized conditioned punishers
Type of conditioned punisher that has been purée with many unconditioned and conditioned punishers Examples - no, don’t do that Social disapproval’s- head shakes, scowls, etc...
55
Verbal analog conditioning
Verbal pairing procedure where a neutral stimuli can become conditioning punishers or reinforcers without direct pairing Example- yellow pieces of paper mean something- so now we all try to earn yellow pieces of paper
56
Extinction aka
EXT | Operant extinction
57
Extinction
Behavior is still happening, but there is no reinforcement given Goal is behavior decreases due to lack of reinforcement for
58
Extinction burst
Immediate increase in the frequency of responding when extinction is initially implemented
59
Operant extinction
Withholding reinforcement when the behavior occurs
60
Respondent extinction
Unpairing of a conditioned stimulus abs unconditioned stimulus
61
Stimulus control
Responses are reinforced only in the presence of a specific stimulus Like phone rings and answer phone Door bell rings- would you answer the phone???
62
Masking
Stimulus has acquired stimulus control but something is blocking the evocative function of the stimulus Ex. I know the answers, but won’t answer with people around
63
Overshadowing
Presence of one stimulus condition interferes with the acquisition of stimulus control by another stimulus Watching band practice outside window instead of learning math
64
Discriminative stimulus | Sd
Stimulus in the presence of which responses of some type BA e. We. Reinforcer and in the absence of which the same type of responses have occurred but not been reinforced Waiter is Sd for drinks No waiter, no drinks
65
Stimulus Delta
Stimulus in the presence of which a given behavior has not produced reinforcement in the past
66
Stimulus generalization
Example mommy in presence of mommy but also in presence of other women Stimuli share stimuli at physical properties
67
Stimulus discrimination
Saying mommy only for mommy Tight degree of stimulus control
68
Generalized gradient aka
Stimulus generalization gradient
69
Generalization gradient
The gradient shows the relative degree of stimulus generalization and stimulus control Flat slope little stimulus control Increasing slope more stimulus control
70
Concept
Concept is not mentalist It is a product of both stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination Concept of green
71
Conditional discrimination
A form of complex stimulus control in which the role of one discriminative stimulus is conditional on the presence of other discriminative stimulus 4 term contingency Conditional stimuli -> antecedent stimuli -> response ->consequence Ex. In USA you make the c sign with fingers which means peace- but in another country the same sign means F off... your response to this sign Varys depending on county
72
2 types of matching to sample
Identity - which is picture to picture - baby to baby Symbolic - match word baby to picture of baby
73
Stimulus equivalence
The emergence of accurate responding to in-trained and non-reinforced stimulus-stimulus relations following the reinforcement of response to some stimulus-stimulus relations A=B. B=c. Then a=c
74
Reflexivity
A=A | Picture of baby to picture of baby
75
Symmetry
A=B. B= A Picture of baby to written word baby
76
Transitivity
A=B. B=C therefore C=A C to A needs to have never been trained A= Picture of baby B=written word baby C= To spoken word baby
77
Equivalence class
Is formed is all stimuli in that set are reflexive, symmetrical and transitive
78
Rule governed behavior
Aka- rule governance Rule control Rules Verbal description of a behavioral contingency Reinforcers are often delayed
79
Contingency shaped behavior
AKA contingency control When a behavior is directly controlled by a contingency, not rules
80
Motivating operations | MO
MOs alters (increases/decreases) the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus and alters (increases/decreases) the frequency of the behavior MO= MOment
81
2 types of MOs
Establishing operations Abolishing operations
82
Establishing operations
MO that increases the effectiveness of a stimulus as a reinforcer, makes it more desirable Value altering and behavior altering effect (evocative)
83
Abolishing operations | AO
MO that decreases the effectiveness of a stimulus as a reinforcer Makes it less desirable Value altering effect and behavior altering effect (abative)
84
UMO | Unconditioned motivating operations
For all organisms there are events,operations, and stimulus conditions with value altering motivating effects that are unlearned
85
CMOS | Conditioned motivating operations
A learned relation between the nature and value of an antecedent stimulus and the nature of a response Ex. Needing a key for a locked door
86
9 UMOs for humans
``` Food deprivation Water deprivation Sleep deprivation Activity deprivation Oxygen deprivation Sex deprivation Becoming too warm Becoming too cold Increase in pain ```

Study notes (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions