section 6 Flashcards

Question

Momentary time sampling

Answer 1

Over or under estimates or neither

Answer 2

Placheck Variation of momentary time sampling Example a teacher observes a group of students at the end of each interval and records the total number of students engaged in the targeted activity

Answer 3

A.k.a. outcome recording Measuring behavior after it has occurred by measuring the effects of the behavior produced on the environment Natural or contrived

Answer 4

Validity Accuracy Reliability

Answer 5

Directly measuring socially significant target behavior Ensuring that the data our representative of the behaviors occurrence under conditions during times that are most relevant to the concern about the behavior

Answer 6

Indirect measurement Second hand or filtered information Measuring the wrong dimensions of the target behavior Measurement artifacts

Answer 7

Discontinuous measurement Poorly scheduled measurement periods Insensitive and/or limiting measurement scales

Answer 8

A measurement artifact are data that appear to exist, but only because of the way that they were measured. Discontinuous measurement procedures, especially poorly chosen aspects of it, may result in artifact.

Answer 9

The extent to which the observed value matches the true value of an event

Answer 10

The extent to which a measurement procedure yields the same value when brought into repeated contact with the same state of nature Same results repeatedly

Answer 11

Human error Poorly designed measurement systems Inadequate observer training Expectations about what the data should look like

Answer 12

When observers unknowingly alter the way they measure a behavior The target behavior definitions drift overtime

Answer 13

Non-random measurement error Data that over estimates or underestimates the true value of an event

Answer 14

Degree to which 2 observers report the same values after measuring the same events

Answer 15

Percentage of agreement between the total number of responses recorded by two observers Smaller # —————. X 100% Larger #

Answer 16

Dividing the observation period Into series of smaller counting times Ex. Interval. Ob 1. Ob 2. 1. 3. 2. 2/3. 67% 2. 3. 3. 100% 3. 1. 2. 50% 67% +. 100%. +. 50 ——————————— Total # of intervals - so 3 217/3=. 72% IOA

Answer 17

The percentage of intervals in which to observers recorded the same count ``` # of intervals at 100% IOA agreement ———————————————————- x 100% Total number of intervals ```

Answer 18

The agreement between two observers who measure the occurrence or non-occurrence of discrete trial behaviors for which the count for each trial or response opportunity, can only be zero or one Can be calculated by comparing the observers total counts or by comparing their accounts on a trial trial basis of trials of agreement —————————————. X 100% Total # of trials Trail Ob 1. Ob 2. Agreement 1. 0. 0. Yes 2. 0. 1. No 3. 0. 1. No 4 0. 0. Yes 5. 1. 1. Yes 6. 0. 0. Yes 4/6 x100%. 67%

Answer 19

computed by diving the shorter of 2 durations reported by the 2 observers by the longer duration and multp. by 100% shorter duration ____________ x 100% longer duration response ob. 1 ob2. 1 35 29 2 15 21 3 9 7 total 59 57 57/59 x 100% 96%

Answer 20

used to calculate duration per occurrence data response ob. 1 ob2. 1 35 29 29/35 83% 2 15 21 15/21 71% 3 9 7 7/9 78% 83% + 71% + 78% _______________ # of behavior with duration - so we have 3 232/3 = 77%

Answer 21

AKA point by point IOA point by point agreement ratio ``` # of interval both recorders are in agreement ____________________________________ x100% total # of intervals ``` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ob 1 x x x 0 x x 0 x x 0 ob 2 0 x x 0 x 0 0 0 x 0 7 intervals in agreement 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9 10 7/10 x100% = 70% agreement

Answer 22

both observers scored an occurrence ``` # of interval both recorders recorded occurrence _______________________________________ x 100% # of intervals with at least one recorded occurrence ``` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ob 1 x 0 x 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ob 2 0 0 x 0 0 0 0 0 x 0 1/3 x 100% 33% Only 1 interval both recorded in- which was interval 3 3 intervals had at least one observer mark in - interval 1, 3, and 9

Answer 23

only considers intervals in which either or both observers recorded a non-occurrence of behavior ``` # of intervals both recorders recorded non-occurrence __________________________________________ # of intervals with at least one recorder recorded non occurrence ``` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ob 1 x x x 0 x x 0 x x 0 ob 2 0 x x 0 x x 0 x x x 2/4 x 100% = 50% 2 interval in agreement are 4 and 7 4 intervals with non-occurrence are 1, 4, 7, 10

section 6 Flashcards

(47 cards)