Section 21

Question 1

leading cause of death among children and adults under the age of 46 years; leading cause of non– obstetric- related morbidity and mortality in pregnant women

Answer 1

trauma

Question 2

second only to maternal death as the most common cause of fetal death

Answer 2

placental abruption

Question 3

most sensitive clinical finding for placental abruption after trauma

Answer 3

uterine irritability (more than three uterine contractions per hour)

Question 4

In trauma the most frequently missed conditions

Answer 4

orthopedic

Question 5

most common cause of fatal and nonfatal injury in people ≥ 65 years

Answer 5

falls

Question 6

most common fracture in elders hospitalized for injury

Answer 6

hip fracture

Question 7

most common injuries in hip fracture

Answer 7

Pubic ramus fractures

Question 8

most common mechanism of hip fracture

Answer 8

lateral compression

Question 9

second most common cause of injury in the elderly and are the leading cause of death, with a case fatality rate twice that of those under 65 years

Answer 9

MVC

Question 10

second leading cause of traumatic death in the home in older adults

Answer 10

burns

Question 11

most common in the thoracolumbar spine (most common in T12-L1 and T7-T8) in elderly

Answer 11

Anterior wedge compression fractures

Question 12

most common fractures in women up to age 75

Answer 12

Distal radius fractures (Colles’ fractures)

Question 13

most important determinants of morbidity and mortality in head injury

Answer 13

The volume of intracranial blood and hematoma expansion

Question 14

Ultimate goal in trauma of the elderly

Answer 14

return the elderly trauma patient to the preinjury state of function

Question 15

primary cause of blunt head injury in young adults and children

Answer 15

Motor vehicle collisions

Question 16

most common CT abnormality in patients with moderate to severe TBI

Answer 16

Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 17

middle meningeal arterial disruption is the primary mechanism of injury

Answer 17

Epidural hematoma

Question 18

shaken baby syndrome is a well-described cause of

Answer 18

Diffuse axonal injury

Question 19

most common thoracic fracture

Answer 19

Simple wedge (compression) fracture

Question 20

most common cause of Brown-Sequard Syndrome

Answer 20

Penetrating injury

Question 21

Most common fractures secondary to trauma to the face

Answer 21

nasal bone, followed by orbital floor, zygomaticomaxillary, maxillary sinuses, and mandibular ramus

Question 22

second most common facial fracture after nasal fractures

Answer 22

Mandible fractures

Question 23

preferred method of airway management in trauma

Answer 23

Rapid- sequence intubation

Question 24

proximate cause of death in most penetrating neck injury

Answer 24

Exsanguination

Question 25

most common cervical injury and the leading cause of death from penetrating neck trauma

Answer 25

Vascular injuries

Question 26

the most rapidly fatal injury in blunt neck injury

Answer 26

Airway occlusion

Question 27

neck zone that is the most commonly injured area and is easily accessed surgically

Answer 27

zone II

Question 28

most common cause of blunt neck trauma

Answer 28

Road traffic accidents

Question 29

In all forms of strangulation, death is ultimately due to

Answer 29

cerebral anoxia and ischemia

Question 30

the third leading cause of death in polytrauma

Answer 30

thoracic trauma

Question 31

Most frequent symptoms of thoracic trauma

Answer 31

chest pain and shortness of breath

Question 32

Most common cause of pulmonary contusions

Answer 32

compression-decompression injury to the chest

Question 33

most common cause of hemothorax

Answer 33

Bleeding from direct lung injury

Question 34

Most common sites in aspiration in trauma

Answer 34

right middle and lower lung fields

Question 35

most common bony injuries in chest trauma

Answer 35

Rib fractures

Question 36

high rates of involvement of cardiac structures due to penetrating injuries

Answer 36

right ventricle, left ventricle, right atrium, and left atrium are approximately 40%, 35%, 20%, and 5%, respectively

Question 37

most common mechanism responsible for most blunt cardiac injury followed by a direct blow to the precordium

Answer 37

Rapid deceleration

Question 38

Most common symptom of blunt cardiac trauma

Answer 38

chest pain

Question 39

Most common reported blunt injury

Answer 39

“myocardial or cardiac contusion”

Question 40

most devastating blunt cardiac injury

Answer 40

cardiac rupture

Question 41

second most common cause of death in youth athletics following hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.

Answer 41

Commotio Cordis

Question 42

most often involved in trauma cardiac valves

Answer 42

aortic valve

Question 43

most common artery in cardiac trauma

Answer 43

left anterior descending artery

Question 44

most commonly injured part of the aorta in blunt trauma

Answer 44

Proximal descending aorta

Question 45

most common dysrhythmia in cardiac trauma

Answer 45

sinus tachycardia, followed by atrial fibrillation

Question 46

most frequently injured intra- abdominal organ from sports accidents.

Answer 46

spleen

Question 47

most common mechanism for blunt abdominal trauma

Answer 47

motor vehicle collision

Question 48

second in frequency as causes of blunt trauma

Answer 48

falls

Question 49

the primary cause of blunt testicular injuries

Answer 49

impingement of the testicles against the symphysis pubis

Question 50

Two most commonly injured blood vessels

Answer 50

femoral and popliteal vessels

Question 51

two most common causes of penetrating trauma

Answer 51

Gunshot and knife wounds

Question 52

most common brain herniation syndrome

Answer 52

Uncal Transtentorial

Question 53

most frequently occurs when the anterior neck strikes the steering wheel or dashboard in an automobile accident

Answer 53

Cervical tracheal injuries

Question 54

most common causes for penetrating injuries in the genitourinary trauma

Answer 54

Gunshot wounds and stab wounds

Question 55

overall the most commonly injured region of the spinal column

Answer 55

Cervical spine

Question 56

second most common region of injury of spinal column

Answer 56

Thoracolumbar transition zone (T11 to L2)