section 7

Question 1

scapulohumeral rhythm

The shoulder girdle muscles act as ____ during _______ movement allowing for ________

Answer 1

shoulder joint (shoulder) movement is associated with shoulder girdle (scapula) movement, but scapula movement is not dependent on shoulder movement.

The shoulder girdle muscles act as stabilizers during shoulder joint movement allowing for greater RoM (page 65)

Question 2

shoulder girdle

Answer 2

sternum
scapula
clavicle
sternoclavicular (SC)
acromioclavicular (AC)
scapulothoracic articulation (STA)

Question 3

shoulder joint complex

Answer 3

includes shoulder girdle plus
glenohumeral
humerus

Question 4

What kind of joint is the sternoclavicular?

Answer 4

Saddle/Sellar. 3 degrees of freedom.

Question 5

sternoclavicular closed pack position

Answer 5

shoulder abducted 180 degrees

Question 6

sternoclavicular open pack position

Answer 6

arm resting by side

Question 7

sternoclavicular components:

Answer 7

articular disc: improves joint congruency and absorbs shock

anterior/posterior stenoclavicular ligaments: reinforces to limit anterior, posterior and upward displacement of clavicle

interclavicular ligament: runs from sternal ends between the two clavicles. prevents superior displacement.

costoclavicular ligament: attach to cartilage of first rib and the inferomedial surface of the clavicle.

Question 8

arthrokinematic motion at the sternoclavicular joint

scapular elevation/depression

Answer 8

elevation: the convex clavicle rolls superiorly and glides inferiorly
depression: The convex clavicle rolls inferiorly and glides superiorly

Question 9

arthrokinematic motion at the sternoclavicular joint (scapular protraction/retraction)

Answer 9

the concave surface of the clavicle (lateral end) moves.

protraction: it both rolls and glides anteriorly
retraction: it both rolls and glides posteriorly

Question 10

what type of joint is the Acromioclavicular Joint (AC)

Answer 10

arthrodial/gliding. 3 degrees of freedom

Question 11

AC joint closed pack position

Answer 11

shoulder abducted 90 degrees

Question 12

AC joint open pack position

Answer 12

arm resting at fundamental position

Question 13

AC components:

Answer 13

Superior/inferior AC ligaments: reinforce to limit superior/inferior displacement of clavicle

Coracoclavicular ligament: (Trapezoid and conoid portions). Attaches to coracoid process of scapula and either trapezoid line or conoid tubercle. Adds stability and prevents displacement.

Coracoacromial ligament: DOES NOT CROSS AC JOINT. forms roof of glenohumeral joint. Attaches to coracoid process and acromion process. provides protection.

Question 14

scapulothoracic articulation

Answer 14

reflects the movement that occurs between the scapula moving on the ribcage. Movement of the scapula cannot occur without movement also occurring at the sternoclavicular and/or acromioclavicular joints as well.

Question 15

movements of the shoulder girdler (scapulotharacic articulation)

Answer 15

protraction (abduction)
retraction (adduction)
elevation
depression
upward rotation
downward rotation

Question 16

the reference point when describing scapular movement

Answer 16

acromion process

Question 17

force couples

Answer 17

when muscles pull in different directions to accomplish the same motion. Creates a summative effect in the force production that creates the movement.

Question 18

acquired musculoskeletal deformities first degree

Answer 18

curable by exercise. strengthen the weak and stretch the tight. Therapeutic exercise by the patient can correct.
Soft tissue: changes in muscle tone and posture.
bone tissue: has no change.

Question 19

deformities second degree

Answer 19

improvable by exercise. Therapeutic exercise performed by another person applying external force can improve
soft tissue: contracture
bone tissue: slight degree of bony change

Question 20

deformities third degree

Answer 20

noncurable by exercise.
soft tissue: contracture
bone tissue: significant bony change

Question 21

guidelines for muscle testing

Answer 21

1) isolate the muscle
-stabilize the proximal segment
-place slack in other agonist muscles
-eliminate unnecessary joint/muscle movements
2) apply a 90 degree angle of resistance against the distal segment
3) apply that resistance to the distal end of the distal segment
to overcome a musculoskeletal imbalance/deformity:
-stretch the tight muscle groups
-strengthen the weak muscle groups
-apple external force to stretch and strengthen
-maintain proper posture at all times

Question 22

kyphosis

Answer 22

excessive posterior curvature of the spine associated with thoracic extensor muscle weakness, usually accompanied with a forward head and rounded shoulders.

Question 23

upper crossed syndrome

Answer 23

a specific muscle imbalance pattern. tightness of the upper trapezius, levator scapulae, pec major. weakness of the rhomboids, serrates anterior, middle/lower trapezius

Question 24

what type of joint is the glenohumeral joint

Answer 24

enarthrodial/ball and socket. 3 degrees of freedom.

Question 25

glenohumeral joint closed pack position

Answer 25

shoulder abducted 90 degrees and externally rotated 90 degrees

Question 26

glenohumeral joint open pack position

Answer 26

shoulder abducted 55 degrees, and horizontally adducted 30 degrees

Question 27

glenohumeral joint: glenoid labrum

Answer 27

deepens the joint and provides attachment for the joint capsule

Question 28

glenohumeral joint: joint capsule

Answer 28

is lax and permits a significant RoM, but becomes taut in the closed pack position

Question 29

glenohumeral joint: superior, middle and inferior ligaments

Answer 29

thickenings of the anterior/inferior joint capsule. prevent anterior/inferior displacement of humeral head.

Question 30

glenohumeral joint: coracohumeral ligament

Answer 30

runs from coracoid process of scapula to greater tubercle of humerus. resist gravity's downward pull in resting position.

Question 31

glenohumeral joint: transverse humeral ligament

Answer 31

binds down to long head of biceps brachia by attaching from greater tubercle to lesser tubercle crossing over inter tubercular groove

Question 32

glenohumeral joint: coracoacromial ligament

Answer 32

attaches from coracoid process of scapula to acromion process of scapula. provides protective arch over glenohumeral joint

Question 33

glenohumeral joint: subacromial bursa

Answer 33

between acromion process of scapula and rotator cuff tendon. reduces friction.

Question 34

scapulohumeral rhythm movement pattern rule

Answer 34

RULE- Scapulohumeral rhythm pattern: for every 2 degrees of shoulder flexion/abduction, the scapula must upwardly rotate 1 degree. scapular upward rotation in terms of this rule can be divided into an early phase and late phase, each with 90 degrees total RoM.

Question 35

scapulohumeral rhythm movement pattern early phase

Answer 35

shoulder abducts 60 degrees and scapula upward rotates 30 degrees. How the scapula moves: -the clavicle elevates 35 degrees at the SC joint pulling the scapula to upward rotate -the scapula upward rotates 5 degrees at the AC joint

Question 36

scapulohumeral rhythm movement pattern late phase

Answer 36

shoulder abducts another 60 degrees and scapula upward rotates another 30 degrees. How the scapula moves: - clavicle elevates an additional 5 degrees at the SC joint -the scapula upwardly rotates an additional 25 degrees at the AC joint

Question 37

dermatome and testing

Answer 37

strip like band of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve level testing: to test for nerve root damage, the corresponding nerve root is tested for abnormal sensation - Hypoesthesia: decreased sensation - Hyperesthesia: excessive sensation - Anesthesia: no sensation - Paresthesia: tingling/burning sensation

Question 38

myotome

Answer 38

a muscle or group of muscles supplied by a specific motor spinal nerve level

Question 39

cutaneous distribution pattern

Answer 39

patch of skin supplied by a specific sensory peripheral nerve that can be made up of sensory fibers several nerve levels.