self awareness Flashcards
(9 cards)
Gallup (1970)
Mirror test demonstrated self-recognition in animals and children as evidence of self-awareness.
Carver & Scheier (1981)
Distinguished private vs. public self and introduced Control Theory of Self-Regulation.
Tajfel & Turner (1979)
Social Identity Theory – self-concept partly comes from group memberships; explains in-group bias.
Brewer & Gardner (1996)
Defined the individual, relational, and collective selves.
Higgins (1987)
Self-Discrepancy Theory – gaps between actual, ideal, and ought selves affect emotions like anxiety and disappointment.
Festinger (1954)
Social Comparison Theory – we evaluate ourselves by comparing to others (upward/downward).
Tesser (1988)
Self-Evaluation Maintenance Theory – people manage threats to self-esteem via distancing, devaluing tasks, or reattributing success.
Turner et al. (1987)
Self-Categorization Theory – we define ourselves by group memberships and internalize group norms.
Kabat-Zinn (1991)
Promoted mindfulness as a healthy way to increase self-awareness through present-moment focus.
