social cognition and attribution

Question 1

Heider (1958)

Answer 1

Proposed the Naïve Scientist model; people attribute causes to behaviors to maintain control and predictability.

Question 2

Jones & Davis (1965)

Answer 2

Correspondent Inference Theory – we infer personality traits from intentional behavior with clear consequences.

Question 3

Kelley (1967)

Answer 3

Covariation Model – we attribute behavior based on consistency, distinctiveness, and consensus.

Question 4

Abramson et al. (1989)

Answer 4

Depressed individuals make internal, global, and stable attributions for negative events.

Question 5

Weiner (1979)

Answer 5

Attribution Theory – explains outcomes using locus, stability, and controllability dimensions.

Question 6

Parker et al. (2018)

Answer 6

Attributional retraining improved academic outcomes in student athletes.

Question 7

Ross et al. (1977)

Answer 7

False Consensus Effect and Fundamental Attribution Error demonstrated in the Quizmaster Study.

Question 8

Jones & Nisbett (1972)

Answer 8

Actor-Observer Bias – we attribute our behavior to situations but others’ to disposition.

Question 9

Olson & Ross (1988); Kingdon (1976)

Answer 9

Self-serving bias – success attributed internally, failure externally.

Question 10

Tversky & Kahneman (1974)

Answer 10

Identified heuristics: availability, representativeness, and anchoring in judgment and decision-making.