Self-Efficacy exam

Question 1

what is self confidence? (reference)

Answer 1

cognitive construct that can be more trait or state like depending on temporal frame (Vealey, 2001)

Question 2

what is trait SC

Answer 2

stable & enduring (personality)

Question 3

what is state SC

Answer 3

in the moment, unstable related to activity SC

Question 4

what is sport confidence

who said

Answer 4

belief or degree of certainty to perform successfully in sport (Vealey, 1986)

Question 5

what is self-efficacy

Who said?

Answer 5

judgement of capabilities to organise and execute action to produce desired performance (Bandura, 1986)

Question 6

what is ameliorative/coping SE

Answer 6

ability to cope with diverse threats (stress, pain, unwanted situations etc)

Question 7

what is collective SE

Answer 7

ability of the group to organise and execute successfully

Question 8

what is competitive SE

Answer 8

ability to execute desired plans to perform successfully against opponent

Question 9

what is learning SE

Answer 9

ability of learning a skill/task

Question 10

what is performance SE

Answer 10

ability to perform when needed and better opponent at time of comp

Question 11

what is preparatory SE

Answer 11

ability to stick to relevant training (mental or physical) and during acquisition phase

Question 12

what is self-regulatory SE

Answer 12

belief over own motivation, thoughts, emotions and behaviour

Question 13

what is task SE

Answer 13

ability to perform a particular task

Question 14

name 5 outcomes SE has been seen to predict?

& who find it

Answer 14

•	Evidence that SE predicts such diverse outcomes as:
•	Academic achievements 
•	Social skills 
•	Smoking (quitting)
•	Pain tolerance 
•	Athletic performances
•	Career choices 
•	Assertiveness
•	Coping with feared events 
•	Recovery from heart attack 
•	Sales performances 
(Bandura, 1986)

Question 15

SE is a ….. underlying …. change, maintenance and generalisation (?????)

Answer 15

SE is a mechanism underlying behavioural change, maintenance and generalisation (Schunk, 1991)

Question 16

what are the 4 sources of SE

Answer 16

performance accomplishments
vicarious experience
verbal persuasion
emotional arousal

Question 17

what are the two determinants that effect performance

Answer 17

behaviour

thoughts

Question 18

what sources of SE did Feltz, 1984 add?

Answer 18

physiological stress

imaginal experiences

Question 19

who created the sport-confidence framework

Answer 19

vealey, 1998

Question 20

what is organisational culture

Answer 20

levels of comp
motivational climate
goals of program & organisation

Question 21

what are the 9 sources of SC (Vealey, 2008)

Answer 21

demonstration of ability 
physical/ mental prep
mastery 
physical self-presentation 
social support
vicarious experiences 
environmental comfort
coach leadership 
situational favourableness

Question 22

what are the three types of SC

Answer 22

decision making/cognitive efficiency

physical skills & training

resilience

Question 23

what are the ABC’s

Answer 23

affect
behaviour
cognitive

Question 24

what is affect? (ABC’s)

Answer 24

confidence arouses + emotions

Question 25

what is behaviour? (ABC's)

Answer 25

confidence linked to positive achievement behaviours (approach v avoidance)

Question 26

what is cognitive? (ABC's)

Answer 26

confidence influences how athletes use cog resources

Question 27

what are the demographic variables?

Answer 27

``` personality achievement decision making social climate skills/ training organisational culture self-regulation resiliency ```

Question 28

...... is shown to consistently distinguish highly successful from less successful (????)

Answer 28

confidence (Vealey, 1999)

Question 29

.....% of high achievers in a wide variety of sports said that they had high?

Answer 29

90%, SC

Question 30

confidence predicts performance- linear relationship (said who?)

Answer 30

Vealey, 2001

Question 31

confidence leads to more + emotions (Said who)

Answer 31

Jones &Swain, 1995)

Question 32

high levels of confidence aid concentration & focus (Said who)

Answer 32

Vine, 2013

Question 33

more confident=more challenging goals (Said who)

Answer 33

Latham & Locke, 2003

Question 34

confidence increases both effort & strategy (Said who)

Answer 34

Kane, 1994

Question 35

Meta- analysis (Woodman & Hardy, 2003) found...

Answer 35

difference in ME size between sexes (more SC in males)

Question 36

SC was higher for higher standard athletes that lower, true or false

Answer 36

true

Question 37

what is the most important moderator of SE?

Answer 37

Concordance (measurement type)- MOrtiz, 2000

Question 38

44% of the variances in SE was accounted for by?? (Mortiz, 2000)

Answer 38

type sof SE types of performance measure nature of task time of assessment

Question 39

SE can be seen as a ..... variable in the anxiety-performance relationship (>>>>>)

Answer 39

moderator (Besharat, 2011)

Question 40

high .... anxiety & .... SE= performance might be maintained

Answer 40

high cognitive anxiety & high SE= performance might be maintained

Question 41

elements of self-doubt may signal that an increased effort is required (Said....)

Answer 41

Eysenck &Calvo, 1992

Question 42

reduction in SC leads to ...

Answer 42

increased effort