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Social Support Flashcards

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1
Q

what is social support?

who said

A

Exchange of resources between at least two individuals, intended to enhance the well being of the recipient (Shumaker, 1984)

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2
Q

what is the main research area when SS is seen

A

health and wellbeing

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3
Q

SS is …., compromising of structural and functioning components (WHO)

A

Cohen, 2000

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4
Q

Structural component comprises of

A

type and number of relationships engaged in, and whether one is within a social group

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5
Q

Functional component (what is it divided into)

A

interpersonal relationships (perceived and received)

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6
Q

Perceived (WHO)

A

belief that assistance would be available if required (Gottlieb, 2010)

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7
Q

Received (WHO)

A

frequency of received support resources during a specific time Frame (Gottlieb, 2010)

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8
Q

Perceived and received have….

A

unique effects and psychological outcomes

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9
Q

how many dimensions of SS are there, who suggested these

A

4 dimensions

Cutrona, 1990)

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10
Q

what is emotional support

A

ability to turn to others for comfort and security

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11
Q

what is esteem support

A

building up individuals and bolsering self esteem

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12
Q

what is informational support

A

providing advice or guidance concerning a possible situation

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13
Q

what is tangible supper

A

concrete instrumental assistance in a stressful situations

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14
Q

Who identified SS is derived from key interpersonal relationship identifying it as a important resource

A

Sheridan, 2014

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15
Q

what did Sheridan, 2014 suggest

A

identified SS is derived from key interpersonal relationship identifying it as a important resource

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16
Q

The quality & type of SS an athlete perceives & receives is linked to recovery from injury, youth sport participation, burnout, SC and performance was suggested by?

A

Bianco, 2001

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17
Q

the quality and type of SS perceived and received is linked to.. (Bianco, 2001)

A 
recovery (injury)
youth sport participation 
burnout 
self- confidence 
performance
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18
Q

youth athletes particularly need what type

A

tangible

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19
Q

SS has been seen to be helpful dealing with

A

competitive stress
slumps in performance
burn out
injury

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20
Q

who suggested SS could be helpful when dealing with competitive stress

A

Crocker, 1992

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21
Q

who suggested SS could be helpful when dealing with slumps in performance

A

Madden, 1989

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22
Q

who suggested SS could be helpful when dealing with burn-out

A

Gould, 1996

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23
Q

who suggested SS could be helpful when dealing with injury

A

bianco, 2001

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24
Q

who suggested Supportive relationships might help individuals develop a + identity & self-esteem, regulate affect or provide coping assistance

A

Heller, 2001

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25
SS may influence outcomes through... | Lakey, 2000
cognitive behaviour emotional physiological pathways
26
effects on performance outcomes have been suggested to be mediated by (Rees, 2007)
self confidence/efficacy | performance processes such as increase positive effect & flow
27
who suggested that SC, SE and performance processes mediate the effects of SS on performance
Rees, 2007
28
Lakey et al, 2000 suggested how many key theoretical perspectives
three
29
what were the three key theoretical perspectives
1) The stress & coping perspective 2) The social constructionist perspective 3) The relationship perspective
30
models are believed to have a better understanding compared to theoretical perspectives
true
31
what are the two main models; who said?
The main effect model the buffering model Cohen, 2000
32
the main effect model suggests that.. | Cohen, 1985
SS has a beneficial relationship with psych responses irrespective of levels of stressors
33
who created the main effect model
Cohen, 1985
34
what model suggests; SS has a beneficial relationship with psych responses irrespective of levels of stressors
Main effect model
35
The MEM suggested that .... of ones relationships as being supportive is enough to lead to favourable outcomes
perceptions
36
the buffering effect model primarily ties to..
models of stress process, appraisals and coping
37
who suggested that the buffering model is primarily tied to models of stress process, appraisals and coping
lazarus, 1966
38
the buffering effect model suggest that SS may help to:"
- redefine the threat posed by the stressor - alter an individuals perceptions of available resources - lead to individual feeling more in control (appraised as less stressful) - periods of stress= SS buffer effect - TCTSA/BPSM tied in - SS redefines stress (Challenge)
39
- redefine the threat posed by the stressor - alter an individuals perceptions of available resources - lead to individual feeling more in control (appraised as less stressful) - periods of stress= SS buffer effect - TCTSA/BPSM tied in - SS redefines stress (Challenge) Is suggested within which model
The buffering effect model
40
Within the Buffer model when stress is experience what is SS suggested to do
- reduce/alter affective reaction to event - decrease perceived importance of the problem (improve coping) - provide a distraction
41
in the buffer model when it suggests that SS can decrease perceived importance of the problem (improve coping) what stress theory could this be linked too? and whos theory is it?
Transactional model of stress & coping (Lazarus & Folkman, 1987) Primary and secondary appraisals
42
who suggested that once stress is experienced SS would -reduce/alter affective reaction to event - decrease perceived importance of the problem (improve coping) - provide a distraction
Cohen, 2000
43
A buffering effect would be demonstrated if the interaction term of stressor & perceived support is significantly associated with....
psychological responses
44
perceived support is primarily linked with which model?
Main effect model
45
who suggested that perceived support is primarily linked with the main effect model
Bianco, 2001
46
Received support is primarily linked with which model
The buffering effect model
47
who suggested that Received support is primarily linked with the buffering effect model
Bianco, 2001
48
who suggested that high perceived support = resources to cope = evaluate less stressful= more favourable outcome
Bianco, 2001
49
high perceived support leads too..,
resources to cope= evaluate less stressful= favourable outcome
50
once a stress is experienced what type of SS is needed
Received
51
perceived & Received support could exert...
main and stress-buffering effects
52
who suggested that perceived & Received ss could exert main and stress- buffeing effects
Cohen, 2000
53
what SS when stressed is seen to have a link with appraisals and evaluation
Perceived
54
which support is more consistently related to outcome variable than the other
perceived more linked than received
55
who suggested that perceived is more constantly linked to outcome variables than received
Cohen, 1983
56
received support has been linked to:
Golf performances - Adolescents beliefs about school sport - self talk
57
who suggested that received support has been linked to golf performances
Freeman, 2008
58
who suggested that received support has been linked to adolescents beliefs about school sport
Lubans, 2011
59
who suggested that received support has been linked to athletes self-talk
Zourbano, 2011
60
received support has been linked to favourable outcomes such as..
self-confidence
61
who suggested that received support has been linked to favourable outcomes such as self-confidence
Rees, 2007
62
Freeman, 2014 suggested that frequent encouragement (no matter of stressors) boost..
control mastery self-esteem self confidence
63
who suggested that frequent encouragement and + reinforcement (no matter stressors) boosts control, mastery, self-esteem, self confidence having a positive effect
Freeman, 2014
64
effectiveness of support may depend on:
needs of recipient types and dimensions of support level of knowledge/expertise off provider quality of relation ship
65
needs of recipient types and dimensions of support -level of knowledge/expertise off provider quality of relationship are suggested to effect.. according to who
effect effectiveness (Bianco, 2001)
66
who suggested SS might not always be beneficial
Rienhardt, 2006
67
how can you develop SS
``` team meals trust between coach and athlete learning in asking enviroment open door policy buddy systems small group discussions feedback approachable, judgement free atmosphere ```
68
SS plays an important role in the way athletes cope with...
rehab from injury
69
who suggested that SS has an important role when coping with injury rehab
Bianco, 2001
70
SS can ehance the well being of injured athletes by
- reducing distress - preventing perceptions of isolation and reinjury fear - increasing motivation - adherence to rehab - self confidence
71
who suggested SS can ehcance the well being of injured athletes by reducing distress
Bianco, 1999
72
SS can ehance the well being of injured athletes by preventing perceptions of isolation and re-injury fear
Podlog, 2004
73
SS can ehance the well being of injured athletes by rehab adherence
DUda, 1989
74
SS can ehance the well being of injured athletes by increasing self-confidence
Duda, 2000
75
SS can ehance the well being of injured athletes by increasing motivation
Bianco, 2002
76
what did Freeman & Rees 2008 examine
main and stress-buffering effects of perceived and recieved support upon golf outcomes
77
what did Freeman & Rees 2008 golf performance study show
beneficial effects of perceived and received support on performance; support for effects of main and buffer models
78
what did fletcher and Sarkar, 2012 look at?
resilience in olympic athletes
79
what was seen from olympic athlete regarding SS
athletes perceived that high quality SS was available
80
What did Fletcher and Sarkar, 2012 find?
the stress-buffering effects of perceived SS suggested as important for resilience in sport
81
who also suggested that the stress-buffering effects of perceived SS suggested as important for resilience in sport
Rees, 2010
82
perceived challenge over threat state can cause what physiological change
lower HR & TPR
83
BPSM suggest that challenge state causes what physiological changes
Q & TPR lowered
84
stress can cause what diseases
CV disease
85
stress can decrease ..... possibly leading to less training time
decrease immune system = more illnesses = possible more trains missed
86
what endocrine changes are seen with stress?
Cortisol release

Psychology Exam (5 decks)

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